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1、NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLCDOE Algal Biofuels WorkshopPhilip T. Pienkos NRELDecember 9, 2008Historical Overview of Algal Biofuel Technoeconomic AnalysesNational Re
2、newable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy FutureYou Are HerePatents approved; prepare to collect royalties.Sell stake to oil company.Low cost feedstock becomes available; begin process development.Algal biofuels make up significant proportion of renewable fuel portfolio.National Renewable
3、Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy FutureTechnoeconomic Modeling for Workshop Discussions began in August as part of workshop planning process (SNL/NREL/DOE) Work began in earnest with meeting at SNL in October (SNL/NREL/NMSU/CSU) Establish goal to capture and consolidate all publicly avail
4、able algal biofuel models Use information to help guide roadmappping effort Current state of technology Identify known knowns, known unknowns, and unknown unknowns Provide focus on critical path elements Estimate time and cost to achieve technical milestonesNational Renewable Energy Laboratory Innov
5、ation for Our Energy FutureCast of Characters NREL Al Darzins David Humbird Phil Pienkos NMSU Pete Lammers Meghan Starbuck CSU Bryan Willson SNL Katherine Dunphy-Guzman Ray Finley Geoff Klise Len Malczynski Ron Pate Amy Sun Cecelia WilliamsNational Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Ener
6、gy FutureAcknowledgementsThese people did most of the heavy lifting, consolidating information from a variety of models and providing key slides for this presentation: Amy Sun Katherine Dunphy-Guzman Cecelia Williams Ron Pate FinleyNational Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Futur
7、eLonger Term Purpose, Goals and Desired Outcomes for Algae R Co-generation3.2 Open systems3.1 Closed systems3.3 Hybrid systems1.2 CO21.5 Water2.2 Nutrients (NPK)1.1 Land1.3 Facilities2.3 Pathogens, predators1.4 Primary Energy4.6 Wet algal or biological assist derivative biomass8.0 Algal biomass10.1
8、Water disposal4.7.1 Solar4.7.2 Fuel- Fired4.7 Drying4.4 Centrifuge4.2 Airlift flocculation4.1 Flocculation Co-generation3.2 Open systems3.1 Closed systems3.3 Hybrid systems1.2 CO21.5 Water2.2 Nutrients (NPK)1.1 Land1.3 Facilities2.3 Pathogens, predators1.4 Primary Energy4.6 Wet algal or biological a
9、ssist derivative biomass8.0 Algal biomass10.1 Water disposal4.7.1 Solar4.7.2 Fuel- Fired4.7 Drying4.4 Centrifuge4.2 Airlift flocculation4.1 Flocculation & settling4.3 Filtering9.0 Renewables5.3 Proteins5.1 Lipids5.2 Carbohydrates5.1.1 TAG5.1.2 Fatty acids5.4 Other metabolites6.1.3 Biochemical6.1.1 C
10、hemical6.1.2 Thermochemical6.2.3 Chemicals6.2.1 Feed6.2.2 Fertilizer6.2.4 Materials6.3.3 Aviation6.3.1 Biodiesel6.3.2 Green diesel6.3.4 Gasoline-like6.3.7 Hydrogen6.3.5 Biogas/Methane6.3.6 Ethanol2.0 Algal species selection3.5 Biological Assist - brine shrimp - fish - etc.4.5 Biological Assist Harve
11、sting (shrimp, fish excrement, etc.)1.5.1 Primary water source (saline/brackish/waste water)1.5.2 Fresh water sourceOUTPUTINPUTPROCESS CATEGORYPROCESSNational Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy FutureSource Material for TE ModelsSourceAuthorsYearReference Matt Ringer Bob Wallace P
12、hil PienkosMeghan Starbuck Pete LammersSolixBryan Willson20082nd Bundes-Algen-StammtischSeambioticsAmi Ben-Amotz, Israel2007-2008 Algae Biomass SummitSandiaBen Wu2007Analysis completed for this exerciseBayerUlrich Steiner2008European White Biotechnology SummitGeneral AtomicsDavid Hazlebeck2008Algae
13、Biomass SummitCalifornia Polytechnic InstituteTryg Lundquist2008Algae Biomass SummitE. Molina Grima E. Belarbi F. FernandezA. Medina Y. ChistiP. Tapie A. BernardJohn Benemann William Oswald1996Association pour la Recherche en Bioenergie NRELNMSUUniversity of AlmeriaPETC Final ReportUniversity of Cal
14、ifornia2008Analysis completed for this exercise2008Analysis completed for this exercise2003Biotechnol. Adv. (2003) 20:491-5151988Biotech. Bioeng. (1988) 32:873-885National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy FutureStandardized Cost ComparisonAverage = $109 USD/gal Variability is wi
15、de, Std. Dev. = $301 USD/galPER GALLON Triglyceride Production Cost$0$10$20$30$40$50$60Benemann (1996), 30g/m2/dBenemann (1996), 60g/m2/dNREL - currentNREL - aggressiveNREL - maxNMSU - 1ac, currentNMSU - 1ac, bestNMSU -2000ha,currentNMSU -2000ha,bestSolix - currentSolix -PISolix - PIINBT Ltd., IsraelSeambiotic/IEC, IsraelBayer AG, “WOS“General Atomics-lowGeneral Atomics-highCal Poly, Case1Sandia - RacewaySandia - PBRMolina Grima et al. (2003)Tapie & Bernard (1987)Tapie & Bernard (1987)USD/galNMSU 1 acre
