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1、1主旨要义题的题型特点与解题技巧主旨要义题的题型特点与解题技巧高考阅读理解中的主旨大意题包括主题（topic、subject、main idea、general idea）型和标题（title）型两类。 在确定文章的标题(title)的时候，我们要以文章的中心为依托。但应注意的 是，中心大意不完全等同于标题。文章的中心较为详细地陈述文章的内容，而 文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明，而且通常是名词或名词短语。 一. 正确选项的特点 (1)标题概括类题目：体现概括性， （最大程度上覆盖全文）;针对性(标题不能过 大或过小);醒目性(可吸引读者) (2)中心思想类题目：体现全面性，避免以偏概全； (3
2、)段落大意类题目：体现针对性，避免张冠李戴。 二. 干扰项的特点 1. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 2. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容， 或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 3. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于 A 的特征放在 B 的身上，构成一个干扰项。 考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 5. 无中生有，似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真 分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 三、解题技巧 (
3、1) 主题句在开头.模式:总-分-分,即开门见山. 新闻报道,说明文,议论文常用 此方式. (2) 主题句在末尾. 模式: 分-分-总,即先摆事实,后作结论. (3) 主题句在中间. 模式: 分-总-分(引言-主题-解析或提问-回答-解析) (4). 根据首尾抓大意(首尾呼应) 模式: 总-分-总 (5) 无住题句,归纳各段要点抓大意. (6) 找高频词. 四、实例分析 实例分析实例分析 1： Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself. Sometimes youll he
4、ar people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes, and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will
5、go to the Olympics, but sometimes its a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self- image and learn to love yourself. Self-image is your own minds picture of yourself. This image includes the way
6、 you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to c
7、hanging your self-image and your whole world. The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Dont allow doubts to occur in it. It very well might be that yo
8、u are experiencing a negative self-image because you cant move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up 2your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think youre silly because you arent good at math, find a tutor. If you think youre weak because you c
9、ant run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think youre dull because you dont wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesnt mean its true. The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, a
10、nd to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat (拍) yourself on the back, youll know youre well on your way. Good luck!（2008 年广东卷阅读理解 B 篇） 49.
11、 What is the passage mainly about?A. How to prepare for your success.B. How to face challenges in your life.C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities. 实例分析实例分析 2： Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK resea
12、rchers. Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present. The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more eff
13、ective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes. Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a
14、 pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs. The team found t
15、hat, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo. The researchers said that theobromin
16、e worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.（2008 年全 国卷阅读理解 D 篇） 56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Codeine: A New Medicine B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case D. Theobromine Can Cause
