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1、标准缓冲液标准缓冲液 pHpH 值与温度对照表值与温度对照表温度四草酸氢钾0.05M邻苯二甲酸氢钾0.05M混合磷酸盐0.025M硼砂0.01M51.674.006.959.39 101.674.006.029.33 151.674.006.909.28 201.684.006.889.23 251.684.006.869.18 301.684.016.859.14 351.694.026.849.11常用缓冲溶液的配制方法常用缓冲溶液的配制方法1 甘氨酸甘氨酸盐酸缓冲液(盐酸缓冲液(0.05mol/L)X 毫升 0.2 mol/L 甘氨酸+Y 毫升 0.2 mol/L HCI,再加水稀释至
2、200 毫升pHXYpHXY2.02.42.62.85050505044.032.424.216.83.03.23.43.65050505011.48.26.45.0甘氨酸分子量 = 75.07,0.2 mol/L 甘氨酸溶液含 15.01 克/升。2邻苯二甲酸邻苯二甲酸盐酸缓冲液(盐酸缓冲液(0.05 mol/L)X 毫升 0.2 mol/L 邻苯二甲酸氢钾 + 0.2 mol/L HCl,再加水稀释到 20 毫升pH(20)XYpH(20)XY2.22.42.62.83.0555554.0703.9603.2952.6422.0223.23.43.63.855551.4700.9900.5
3、970.263邻苯二甲酸氢钾分子量 = 204.23,0.2 mol/L 邻苯二甲酸氢溶液含 40.85 克/升3磷酸氢二钠磷酸氢二钠柠檬酸缓冲液柠檬酸缓冲液pH0.2mol/L Na2HPO4(毫升)0.1mol/L柠檬酸(毫升)pH0.2mol/L Na2HPO4(毫升)0.1mol/L柠檬酸(毫升)2.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.63.84.04.2 4.44.64.85.00.401.242.183.174.114.945.706.447.107.718.288.829.359.8610.3010.6018.7617.8216.8315.8915.0614.3013.56
4、12.9012.2911.7211.1810.6510.149.705.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.8 7.07.27.47.67.88.010.7211.1511.6012.0912.6313.2213.8514.5515.4516.4717.3918.1718.7319.1519.459.288.858.407.917.376.786.155.454.553.532.611.831.270.850.55Na2HPO4分子量 = 14.98,0.2 mol/L 溶液为 28.40 克/升。Na2HPO4-2H2O 分子量 = 178.05,0.2 mol/L 溶液含 35
5、.01 克/升。C4H2O7H2O 分子量 = 210.14,0.1 mol/L 溶液为 21.01 克/升。4柠檬酸柠檬酸氢氧化钠氢氧化钠-盐酸缓冲液盐酸缓冲液pH钠离子浓度(mol/L)柠檬酸(克)C6H8O7H2O氢氧化钠(克)NaOH 97%盐酸(毫升)HCl(浓)最终体积 (升)2.23.13.34.35.35.86.50.200.200.200.200.350.450.38210210210210245285266848383831441861561601161064568105126101010101010 10 使用时可以每升中加入 1 克克酚,若最后 pH 值有变化,再用少量
6、 50% 氢氧化钠 溶液或浓盐酸调节,冰箱保存。 5柠檬酸柠檬酸柠檬酸钠缓冲液柠檬酸钠缓冲液(0.1 mol/L)pH0.1 mol/L柠檬酸 (毫升)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸钠 (毫升)pH0.1 mol/L柠檬酸 (毫升)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸钠 (毫升)3.03.23.43.63.84.04.24.418.617.216.014.914.013.112.311.41.4 2.84.05.16.06.97.78.69.75.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.68.27.36.45.54.73.82.82.01.411.812.713.614.515.316.217.218.
7、018.64.64.810.39.210.8柠檬酸 C6H8O7H2O:分子量 210.14,0.1 mol/L 溶液为 21.01 克/升。柠檬酸钠 Na3 C6H5O72H2O:分子量 294.12,0.1 mol/L 溶液为 29.41 克/毫升。6乙酸乙酸乙酸钠缓冲液(乙酸钠缓冲液(0.2 mol/L)pH(18)0.2 mol/LNaAc(毫升)0.3 mol/L HAc(毫升)pH(18)0.2 mol/L NaAc(毫升)0.3 mol/L HAc(毫升)2.63.84.04.24.44.60.751.201.802.653.704.909.258.808.207.356.305
8、.104.85.05.25.45.65.85.907.007.908.609.109.404.103.002.101.400.900.60Na2Ac3H2O 分子量 = 136.09,0.2 mol/L 溶液为 27.22 克/升。7磷酸盐缓冲液磷酸盐缓冲液(1)磷酸氢二钠磷酸二氢钠缓冲液(0.2)pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4(毫升)0.3 mol/LNaH2PO4(毫升)pH0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4(毫升)0.3 mol/L NaH2PO4(毫升)5.85.96.06.16.28.010.012.315.018.592.090.087.785.081.57.07.17.27
9、.37.461.067.072.077.081.039.033.028.023.019.06.36.46.56.66.76.86.922.526.531.537.543.549.555.077.573.568.562.556.551.045.07.57.67.77.87.98.084.087.089.591.593.0 94.716.013.010.58.57.05.3Na2HPO42H2O 分子量 = 178.05,0.2 mol/L 溶液为 85.61 克/升。Na2HPO42H2O 分子量 = 358.22,0.2 mol/L 溶液为 71.64 克/升。Na2HPO42H2O 分子量
10、= 156.03,0.2 mol/L 溶液为 31.21 克/升。(2)磷酸氢二钠磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(1/15 mol/L)pHmol/L/15Na2HP O4(毫升)mol/L/15KH2P O4(毫升)pHmol/L/15Na2HP O4(毫升)mol/L/15KH2P O4(毫升)4.9 25.2 95.9 16.2 46.4 76.6 46.80.100.501.002.003.004.005.006.009.909.509.008.007.006.005.004.007.1 77.3 87.7 38.0 48.3 48.6 78.1 87.008.009.009.509.759.901
11、0.003.002.001.000.500.250.10016.9 8Na2HPO42H2O 分子量 = 178.05,1/15M 溶液为 11.876 克/升。KH2PO4分子量 = 136.09,1/15M 溶液为 9.078 克/升。8磷酸二氢钾磷酸二氢钾氢氧化钠缓冲液(氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M)X 毫升 0.2M K2PO4 + Y 毫升 0.2N NaOH 加水稀释至 29 毫升pH(20)X (毫升)Y(毫升)pH(20)X (毫升)Y(毫升)5.86.06.26.46.66.85555550.3720.5700.8601.2601.7802.3657.07.27.47.67.8
12、8.05555552.9633.5003.9504.2804.5204.6809巴比妥钠巴比妥钠-盐酸缓冲液(盐酸缓冲液(18)pH0.04M 巴比妥 钠溶液0.2V 盐酸pH0.04M 巴比 妥钠溶液(毫 升)0.2N 盐酸(毫 升)6.87.07.27.47.67.88.08.2100 10010010010010010010018.417.816.7 15.313.411.479.397.218.48.68.89.09.29.49.61001001001001001001001005.213.822.521.651.130.700.35巴比妥钠盐分子量=206.18;0.04M 溶液为
13、8.25 克/升10Tris盐酸缓冲液(盐酸缓冲液(0.05M,25)50 毫升 0.1M 三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)溶液与 X 毫升 0.1N 盐酸混匀后,加水稀释至 100 毫升。pHX(毫升)pHX(毫升)7.107.207.307.407.507.607.707.807.908.0045.744.743.442.040.338.536.634.532.0 29.28.108.208.308.408.508.608.708.808.9026.222.9 19.917.214.712.410.38.57.0三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)HOCH2 CH2OH HOCH2 NH2 C分子量=
14、121.14;0. 1M 溶液为 12.114 克/升。Tris 溶液可从空气中吸收二氧化碳,使用时注意将瓶盖严。11硼酸硼酸硼砂缓冲液(硼砂缓冲液(0.2M 硼酸根)硼酸根)pH0.05M 硼砂 (毫升)0.2M 硼砂 (毫升)pH0.05M 硼砂 (毫升)0.2M 硼酸 (毫升)7.47.67.88.01.0 1.52.03.09.08.58.07.08.28.48.79.03.54.56.08.06.55.54.02.0硼砂 Na2B4O7H2O,分子量=381.43;0.05M 溶液(=0.2M 硼酸根)含 19.07 克/升。硼酸 H2BO3,分子量=61.84,0.2M 溶液为 1
15、2.37 克/升。硼砂易失去结晶水,必须在带塞的瓶中保存。11硼酸硼酸-硼砂缓冲液(硼砂缓冲液(0.2M 硼酸根)硼酸根)pH0.05M 硼砂 (毫升)0.2M 硼酸 (毫升)pH0.05M 硼砂 (毫升)0.2M 硼酸 (毫升)7.47.67.88.01.01.52.03.09.0 8.58.07.08.28.48.79.03.54.56.08.06.55.54.0 2.0硼砂 Na2B4O710H2O,分子量=381.43;0.05M 溶液(=0.2M 硼酸根)含 19.07 克/升。硼酸 H2BO3,分子量=61.84, 0.2M 溶液为 12.37 克/升。硼砂易失去结晶水,必须在带塞
16、的瓶中保存。12甘氨酸甘氨酸氢氧化钠缓冲液(氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M)X 毫升 0.2M 甘氨酸+Y 毫升 0.2NnaOH 加水稀释至 200 毫升pHXYpHXY8.68.89.09.29.450505050504.06.08.812.016.89.69.810.010.410.6505050505022.427.232.038.645.5甘氨酸分子量=75.07;0.2M 溶液含 15.01 克/升。13硼砂硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲液(氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M 硼酸根)硼酸根)X 毫升 0.05M 硼砂+Y 毫升 0.2NNaOH 加水稀释至 200 毫升pHXYpHXY9.39.49.65050506.0 11.023.09.810.010.150505034.043.046.0硼砂 Na2B4O710H2O,分子量=381.43;0.05