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1、补上一课从划分句子成分上找到语法填空、短文改错的解题突破口目前的英语教学往往存在对句子成分不够重视的问题，以至于不少考生在这方面比较薄弱。殊不知正确分析句子成分和判断句子结构是学好英语的必备基础，不仅对语法填空和短文改错等题型的解答有直接的影响，而且对写好作文、理解完形填空和阅读理解中出现的长难句有重要意义。所以在此很有必要给考生们补上这一课。句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。一、主语句子的主体(主语用“”标注)主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。主语通常由名
2、词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。The_most_obvious_problem_in_our_class is lack of interaction and teamwork.我们班最明显的问题是缺少互动和协作。(名词短语作主语)Mastering_a_foreign_language will be of great help in our life.掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词短语作主语)Whether_she_will_be_able_to_come remains a question.她是否能来仍然是一个问题。(从句作主语)二、谓语主语的行为(谓语
3、用“”标注)谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词实义动词”充当。When he got up at 7：00 am, a big plan occurred to him.他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词和动词短语作谓语)The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull.手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。(系表结构作谓语)We may have different opin
4、ions in organizing class activities.对于组织课堂活动，我们可能有不同的观点。(“情态动词实义动词”作谓语)三、宾语动作的对象(宾语用“”标注)宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.我设法说服我的同学接受我的想法。(不定式作宾语)Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again be
5、fore setting out.他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词短语作宾语)Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们彼此合作良好的程度。(从句作宾语)四、表语主语的特征(表语用“ ”标注)表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but
6、I doubted it.尽管答案有些奇怪，但只有我对此产生了怀疑。(形容词作表语)Several minutes passed but the whole class was in complete silence几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。(介词短语作表语)The important thing is to learn and control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.最重要的是学会控制你的脾气，这样你可能就不会说出使你后悔的话。(不定式短语作表语)五、定语名词的修饰语(定语用“
7、”标注)定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等。We may have various ways to deal with such a situation我们可能有各种各样应付此类情况的方式。(形容词和不定式短语作定语)All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the co
8、untryside the other day.据报道，同学们提供的所有书籍都在几天前送给了乡下的孩子们。(过去分词短语作定语)How Li Hua regretted the valuable time (that) he had wasted on the computer!李华多么后悔浪费在玩电脑游戏上的宝贵时间！(形容词和从句作定语)六、状语动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语(状语用“ ”标注)状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、独立主格和从句等。After a weeks trip, he retur
9、ned home, tired but very happy旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。(介词短语和形容词作状语)To compete more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.为了更好地与他人竞争，越来越多的人们都用更高水平的教育来装备自己。(不定式短语作状语)Time permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can
10、 have a better relationship时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间和朋友一起度过，这样我们就会有更加良好的关系。 (独立结构和从句作状语)七、补语宾语或主语的补充说明(补语用“ ”标注)补语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。Well try our best to make our country more and more beautiful我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。(形容词作宾补)Pop
11、ular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式短语作宾补)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(过去分词作宾补)八、同位语同等重要的修饰语(同位语用“ ”标注)对句子中的名词或代词作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等
12、地位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。They three want to travel around the world together on foot.他们三个想一起步行周游世界。(数词作同位语)We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.我们打算去当地一家敬老院过即将到来的重阳节，该节日显示了我们对老年人的尊重。(
13、名词作同位语)I hold the opinion that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。(从句作同位语)课堂巩固训练划分句子成分题型研究课从题型上探究语法填空、短文改错的解题技能题型一 语法填空对应学生用书 P4语法填空就是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语美文中，在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上，挖去 10 个空所为。这 10 个空又根据提示词的有无分为有提示词和无提示词两种，这两种题型究其实质还是对基本语法知识的考查。感悟高考A(
14、2016全国卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _61_(attract)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I _62_ (allow) to get up
15、 close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _63_ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter _66_ (p
16、ermit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _67_ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _68
