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1、第九讲 定语从句与名词性从句适用学科 高中英语 适用年级 高中三年级适用区域 人教新课标版 课时时长（分钟） 90 分钟知识点 1. 定语从句的关系词，限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句；2. 主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句的用法教学目标 1.掌握定语从句和名词性从句的用法；2.能够正确判定从句类型并选择正确的连接词教学重点 定语从句的关系词，介词加关系代词的用法，定从与其他句型的区别；名词性从句连接词的选择教学难点 从句连接词的选择教学过程一、复习预习1、复习时态语态知识点2、订正上节课课后作业并讲解重点题目二、知识讲解（一）定语从句1 基本概念1）先行词：由一个句子作定语，修饰句中
2、一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2）关系词的分类：分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。关系词的分类和基本用法表一分类 指代 引导词人 who, whom, that, as事物 which, that, as关系代词人或物（表所属关系） whose地点 where时间 when关系副词原因 why关系代词 指代 例句 解释who The man who helped you is Mr White. 在定从中作主 语whom人 That
3、is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定从中作宾语，可省略whose He is the father whose son studies very well in our class. 在定从中作定 语that Im not the fool that you thought me to be. 在定从中作表 /主/宾语as He is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with. 在定从中作主 /宾语that The only thing that we can do is to give
4、you some advice. 在定从中作作 表/主/宾语which A dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words 在定从中作作 表/主/宾语whose He lives in a room whose window faces south 在定从中作定 语事物It is such a big stone as nobody can lift.在定从中作宾语as整句内容 As is known to all, he is the best student. 在定从中作主 语表二关系副词 指代 例句 解释wh
5、en 时间 Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk? 在定从中作 状语where 地点 The house where they live is not very large. 在定从中作 状语why 原因 This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. 在定从中作 状语2. 定语从句的注意点1）that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别情 况 用法说明 例 句只用 that 的情况先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing
6、, little, much,等不定代词时先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时He told me everything that he knows.All the books that you 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时句中已经有 who 或 which 时，为了避免重复时offered has been given out.This is the best film that I have ever read.We talke
7、d about the persons and things that we remembered.He is the only man that I want to see.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用 which, who, whom 的情况在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which 指代物，用 who/whom 指人在由“介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句中，只能用 which 指物，whom 指人。先行词本身是 that 时，关系词用 which, 先行词为 those, one, he 时多用 who。He has a son, wh
8、o has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.只用 that，in which 或不用关系词的情况the way 做先行词时Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.I was struck by the beauty of th
9、e way in which she stood.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which2）as、which 和 that 的区别从句 区 别 例 句限制性定语从句中名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时，关系代词用 as,不能用 whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand
10、. 非限制性定语从句中as 和 which 都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象” 的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用 as；而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.the same. as 和the same .thatthe same. as 指同类事物the same .that
11、指原物Thats the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）Thats the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。3）where、when 与 why 引导的定语从句关系副词 用 法 例 句where关系副词 where 引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。Were just trying to teach a point_ both sides will sit down together and talk.A. where B.
12、that C. when D. whichwhen关系副词 when 引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。There was _time _I hated to go to school.A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the ; whenwhy关系副词 why 引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。Do you know the reason why she was put into prison? 你知道她坐牢的原因吗？4） “介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句当关
13、系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“ 介词+which/whose”,指人则用“介词+whom/whose”, 且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：原则 内 容 例 句原则一 根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction_ she had come.A.of whic
14、h B.by which C.in which D. from which解析此题考查由“ 介词+关系代词 ”引导的定语从句，根据句意用 from which 表示“所来的那个方向” ，故答案选D原则二 根据先行词而定There are two buildings , _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which解析 the larger of which 指代 the larger of the two
15、buildings ，which 在定语从句中指代 building，作介词 of 的宾语，故答案为D。5）定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。现 象 例 句在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine 等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。-Is that the small town you often refer to? - Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what解析 work 是不及物动词，先行词 one 在定语从句中只能作地点状语，You know 在句中作插入语，所以答案选C 。He made another wonderful discovery ,_of importance to science .A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think i
