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1、 华慧考博考博第一品牌 华慧网 考博咨询QQ：400 622 4468 第 1 页 共 4 页上海交通大学2012年考博英语真题阅读理解试题及参考答案(Three)Passage ThreeSchool buildings themselves can reflect liberal or conservative views about what should go on in a classroom. The earliest schools built to accommodate large numbers of children had separate classrooms fo
2、r graded groups. The rooms were laid out formally, with pupils desks bolted to the floor in straight rows facing the teachers desk. Clearly, the school itself reflected a teacher and subject-centered view of education.Schools of the next generation, built after1940, were lighter and airier and had m
3、ore open space, and most had movable desks. They also often provided special rooms or areas for science, art, music, and physical education. There were still separate rooms for different grade levels, however, and the desks still were likely to be formally arranged in straight, rows. That is, the sc
4、hoolroom was still largely designed to implement the old school program, which involved grade levels, uniform time blocks, uniformity of instruction, and absorption of subject matter. Newer subjects, not newer teaching methods, accounted for most of what was new in school design.The first school bui
5、ldings specifically to facilitate liberal teaching methods began to appear in the mid-1950s. Folding interior walls-or no walls at all-permitted the flexible use of space to encourage large-group, small-group, or individual instruction. Some provided carrels for individual study, areas designed for
6、team teaching, centers for programmed instruction and a language laboratory.In the newest buildings-called open schools-the use of space is even more flexible. Since so much of the space is undifferentiated, areas within the buildings can be readily expanded, converted to accommodate program changes
7、, and used for many kinds of functions. As a reflection of a conservative or liberal attitude toward education, the physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative or liberal teaching practices. But it cannot determine what those practices will be. It may be difficult for a
8、conservative teacher to operate in a physically open classroom or for liberal teacher to operate in formal classroom. But it is not impossible. What determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative, in terms of the education the students receive, is the spirit and attitude of the teacher.
9、51. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The physical layout of school buildings can reflect liberal or conservative views about education.B. The physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder 华慧考博考博第一品牌 华慧网 考博咨询QQ：400 622 4468 第 2 页 共 4 页conservative or liberal teaching practices.
10、C. The spirit and attitude of the teachers determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative.D. The development of school buildings reflects the improvement in education quality.52. Whats the greatest difference between the earliest and the second generation schools?A. The former had separ
11、ate classrooms for different grades while the latter not. B. Classrooms were laid out formally in the former while informally in the latter.C. Teaching methods are newer in the latter as compared with the former.D. Subjects are newer in the latter as compared with the former.53. The word “carrel” in
12、 paragraph 3 most probably refers to _.A.a small room with a deskB.a bookshelf with reference materialsC.a self-study aiding toolD.a computer with teaching courseware54. According to the passage, we may infer that the newest school buildings reflect_.A.a teacher-centered view of educationB.a student
13、-centered view of educationC.a subject-centered view of educationD.a practice-centered view of education55. The author holds a (n) _ view towards the open schools in terms of how they affect teaching practices.A.positive B. objective C. doubtful D. indifferent参考答案解析Passage Three【文章大意】本文主要讲述了不同的学校建筑格
14、局反映了传统或开明的教学理念。早期的学校按年级分教室。学生的座位面向讲台，有序排列。1940年后，教 师空间更为开阔，有可移动课桌。教室还是按年级分，课桌还是按序排列，但是， 产生了新的学科。最先促进开放的教学方法的学校建筑出现在20世纪50年代。那时，空间可以灵活使用，有的还设置了卡座。后来，开放式教学对空间的运用也更为灵活。建筑格局促进或阻碍教学实践的发展，但学生接受的教育是教师的精神和态度的体现。【答案与解析】 华慧考博考博第一品牌 华慧网 考博咨询QQ：400 622 4468 第 3 页 共 4 页51.A 【解析】大意推测题。文中提到，学校的建筑结构能反应传统或开放的教学观念，并
15、举例论证。选项B和C 说法正确，但不是全文的重点所在。选项D，说法错误。学校建筑的 发展反映的是教学实践的发展而不是教育质量的发展。因而，选选项A。52.D 【解析】细节判断题。定位于第2段，文中提到前者是以教师为主体的教学，后者产生了多种学科，人不是教学方法不同，可直接选出选项D。53.A 【解析】词意推测题。定位于第3段。文中提到对空间的灵活运用，并举例说明。可知carrel 应该是空间运用的一种，四个选项中只有选项A，提到了空间运用。因而，选选项A。54.D 【解析】细节判断题。可定位于最后1段。文中提到学校的结构促进或阻碍传统或开放的教学实践。但无论是传统还是开放，学生接受的教育是老师
16、的精神和态度。可知选D。55. B 【解析】观点判断题。综合全文，作者是对开放式学校对教学实践的影响进行阐释，论述，并没有过多的感情色彩。全文是从客观的角度论述事实。因而，选B。【长句难句剖析】1. That is, the schoolroom was still largely designed to implement the old school program, which involved grade levels, uniform time blocks, uniformity of instruction, and absorption of subject matter.【参考译文】那就是说，教室在很大程度上仍然是用来实现老旧的学校计划，包括等级水平，统一的时间， 单一的指导，和学科的合并。【分析】句
