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1、语法核心突破语法核心突破直接引语变间接引语:定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1.陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句例如：He said, “Im very glad.” He said that he was very glad.2.一般疑问句变为 if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例如：He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?”H
2、e asked whether (if) John could come that afternoon.3. 特殊疑问句变为由 who, what, when 等疑问词引导的宾语从句例如：He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” He asked where Mr. Wang was.二、 人称的变化【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则，例如：“I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said. Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day
3、before.“Ill come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her.He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.三、.时态变化 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化
4、，总的原则是向过去推一个时态时态的变化例 句一般现在时一般过去时She said, “I need a calculator.” She said that she needed a calculator.现在进行时过去进行时Jim said, “Im expecting a long distance call.” Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.一般将来时Nancy said, “Ill call again later.” 过去将来时Nancy said that she would call again later
5、.一般过去时过去完成时He said, “I took it home with me.” He said that he had taken it home with him.现在完成时过去完成时Paul said, “Our team has won the match.” Paul said that their team had won the match.过去完成时过去完成时He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he had finished his homework before supp
6、er.四、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化变化形式例句thisthatShe said, “She is coming this week.” She said that she was coming that week.指示代词thesethoseHe said, “These books are mine.” He said those books were his.nowthenHe said, “Its ten oclock now.” He said that it was ten oclock then.todaythat dayHe said, “I havent se
7、en her today.” He said that he hadnt seen her that day.tonightthat nightShe said, “Ill come again tonight.” She said that she would go again that night.yesterdaythe day beforeHe said, “This happened yesterday.” He said that had happened the day before.three days agothree days beforeShe said, “I arri
8、ved two days ago.”She said that she had arrived two days before.tomorrowthe next daythe following dayShe said, “Hell be back tomorrow.” She said that he would be back the next day.时间状语语 next weekthe next weekShe said, “Ill do it next week.” She said that she would do it the next week.地点状语herethereSh
9、e said, “He came here to see Tom.” She said that he had gone there to see Tom.动词come/bringgo/takeHe said, “I brought it home with me.” He said he had taken it home with him.【拓展延伸】 直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如：He says, “Im tired.”He says that he is tired.He will say, “The boy was
10、lazy.” He will tell you that the boy was lazy. 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变She said, “I was born in 1995.”She said that she was born in 19
11、95.【典型例题】（1）Living things are dying out quickly. Lets ask _ destroying them in the past years.A. what part people have been playing B. people have played inC. what part people have played in D. people have been playing what part 【解析】C。注意宾语从句的引导词和语序（2）Can you tell me_?A. what the matter is B. what ma
12、tter it is C. whats the matter D. the matter is what【解析】C 对主语提问，陈述句要和疑问句语序一致。（3）The physics teacher said the earth _around the sun.A. is moving B. moved C. had moved D. moves【解析】D 地球围绕太阳转是客观事实，故用一般现在时【语法专练】1.Mother asked the youngest kid_with his car.A. what the matter B. What was the matterC. what
13、the matter is D. what is the matter2. The tourist asked the guide what he_visit the next day.A. was going to B. will C. is going in D. is to3. The teacher told us that light_faster than sound.A. traveled B. had traveled C. is traveling D.travels4. Tom hanks told his teacher that he_born in 1968.A. w
14、as B. had been C. is D. has been5. Linda asked Amy_she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.A. that B. whether C. what D. how6.My brother said to me, “Im going to have a holiday next week.”My brother _ _ _ _going to have a holiday the next week.7.Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the
15、 room?”Mother asked me_ _ _ _ in the room.8.He asked, “ Can I borrow your bike?”He asked _ _ _ borrow my bike9.Tom said to me, “ Do you like football?”Tom asked me _ _ _football10.She said to me, “ I went over my lessons last night.”She told me _ _ _over her lessons the night before.参考答案：1-5 BADAB 6.told me he was 7.what I was doing 8.if he could9.if I li
