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11、推断题做题方法2 / 7无机化学推断题做题方法解题方法: 解无机推断题的关键是找突破口,这是解无机推断题的根本方法。根据“突破口”的类型不同,解题方法可分为如下几种:1. 特征现象(1)火焰颜色苍白色:H2在 Cl2中燃烧。蓝色:CO 在空气中燃烧。淡蓝色:H2S、CH4、H2在空气中燃烧。焰色反应:Na 元素(黄色)、K 元素(紫色)。(2)有色溶液含有的离子Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+ MnO4颜色浅绿色黄色蓝色紫红色(3)有色固体 红色:Cu、Cu2O、Fe2O33 / 7红褐色: Fe(OH)3、CaCO3、BaSO4、AgCl、BaSO3(4)有色气体:黄绿色:Cl2红棕色:NO2
12、、Br2(5)产生气体: 铵盐: (2)与酸反应产生气体(3)Na2S2O3与酸反应既产生沉淀又产生气体: 4 / 7S2O32- +2H+ =S+ SO2+ H2O(4)与水反应产生气体 单质 化合物 (5)强烈双水解(6)既能与酸反应,又能与碱反应 单质:Al 化合物:Al2O3、Al(OH)3、弱酸弱碱盐、弱酸的酸式盐、氨基酸。(7)与 Na2O2反应 (8)2FeCl3 + H2S = 2FeCl2 + S+ 2HCl(9)电解 5 / 7(10)铝热反应:Al 金属氧化物Al3+ Al(OH)3 AlO2(12)归中反应: 2H2S + SO2=3S+ 2H2O4NH3 + 6NO4N2+ 6H2O(13)置换反应: 金属金属 金属非金属 非金属非金属6 / 7 非金属金属 (14)三角转化:(15)受热分解产生 2 种或 3 种气体的反应: 铵盐 硝酸盐(161616)特征网络:)特征网络:)特征网络:7 / 7(17)A +强酸气体 BA+强碱气体 C其中 A 可为:(NH4)2CO3或 NH4HCO3;(NH4)2S 或 NH4HS;(NH4)2SO3或 NH4HSO3 无机框图中常用到催化剂的反应: