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1、English for Special PurposeElectronic Information & Communication Engineering 引入话题引入话题 Introducing the Subject and the outline of the Presentation Background Information I would like to start by briefly reviewing the history of open heart surgery. Let us start with the theoretical basis of this new
2、technique. To begin with, we have to consider the principle. I think it would be best to start out by looking at a few slides. I should like to preface my remarks with a description of the basic idea. May I begin with a general outline of this project? The first thing I would like to talk about is t
3、he definition of the terms I shall use in my lecture. The first point Id like to make is the historical background of the invention. First, I shall explain to you why this new program is correct and feasible TopicI would like to concentrate on the problem of I want to confine my talk to the latest d
4、evelopments in civil engineering. Today, I am going to give a talk on the application of computers in medicine. My topic today will deal with the observation of supernova. In my presentation this morning, Ill limit myself to three major points only. I take the liberty of restricting my discussion ma
5、inly to highway bridge construction. Now, I would like to address myself to the most important aspect of this problem. Among the many languages, I shall mention only BASIC. What I am going to present today is the methodology and the data analysis. Im not going to say much about that except to discus
6、s the literature on that topic. OutliningMy talk today consists of two parts. One is. and the other is. Ive divided my presentation into four parts. I shall first talk about . and then touch on. and finally discuss . The subject can be looked at under the following headings: . (Pointing to the Power
7、Point display) I would like to divide my talk into two parts. The first part deals with, the second part concerns . My presentation will be given in four parts. The first part deals with . The second part relates to. The third part concerns . And the last part discusses Purpose/ObjectiveThe purpose
8、of this presentation is to. This talk is designed to Summary-How to Prepare a Good Introduction Realize file great importance of the introduction of file presentation made then do your best in delivering it. Don t make file introduction either too wordy, or too brief. Usually, it covers 10 to 15 per
9、cent of your entire speech. Select right ways to capture the audience attention.Characteristic and Translation 一、大量使用名词化结构当代英语语法 （A Grammar of Contemporary English）在论述科技英语时提出，大量使用名词化结构 （Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在 的事实,而非某一行为。例如： 1. Television is the transmission and re
10、ception of images of moving objects by radio waves.译文：电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图像。分析：名词化结构 the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而谓语动词 则着重其发射和接受的能力。二、广泛使用被动语句根据英国利兹大学 John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动语态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙 事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被
11、动语 态，例如： Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. 应当注意机器的工作温度。 而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。 三、非限定动词如前所述，科技文章要求行文简练，结构紧凑，为此，往往使用分词短语代替定语从句或状语从句；使用分 词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句；使用不定式短语代替各种从句；介词十动名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句。 这样可缩短句子，又比较醒目。试比较下列
12、各组句子。 A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction. 直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流 In communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to another. 在通讯系统中，电子学要解决的问题是如何把信息从一个地方传递到另一个地方 In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn, messages
13、are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set. 使无线电波依次对每一个声音做出相应变化时，信息就由广播电台传递到接收机。 四、长句 为了表述一个复杂概念，使之逻辑严密，结构紧凑，科技文章中往往出现许多长句。有的长句多达七八十个词，以下 即是一例。The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an
14、elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations, and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis. 为了解释光学现象，人们曾试图假定有
15、一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理性质的介质。这种尝试的结果，最初曾使人们 了解到一种能传输横向振动的具有上述假定所认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。五、复合词与缩略词 大量使用复合词与缩略词是科技文章的特点之一，复合词从过去的双词组合发展到多词组合；缩略词趋向于任意构词， 例如某一篇论文的作者可以就仅在该文中使用的术语组成缩略词，这给翻译工作带来一定的困难。例如：feed-back 反馈（双词合成名词） on-and-off-the-road 路面越野两用的（多词合成形容词） Radiophotography 无线电传真（无连字符复合词） Colorimeter 色度计（无连字符复合词） lab (laboratory) 实验室 FM(frequency modulation) 调频（用首字母组成的缩略词） P.S.I. (pounds per square inch) 磅/英寸 TELESAT(telecommunications satellite ) 通信卫星（混成法构成的缩略词）
