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1、1语法专项复习：语法专项复习： 名词名词1、名词的分类： 1.专有名词：表示人、地方、组织机构等专用的名词。例如: the Changjiang River; Maria 2.普通名词： 1)可数名词: 个体名词: 表示个别人或事物的名词。例如: apple; doctor集体名词: 表示若干人或事物的总称。例如: family; team2)不可数名词: 物质名词: 表示物质或材料的名词。例如: air; sand抽象名词: 表示性质、行为、状态或情感等抽象概念的名词。例如: peace常见的不可数名词: advice, fun, information, health, progress,
2、 wealth, news, weather 2、可数名词的单复数变化规则：1.一般在词尾加-s：清清读清s，浊浊读浊z, 元音之后也读浊z ; s,z,ts ， 结尾时，读iz例如: map- _ boy- _ bridge- _2. 以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的，在词尾加-es; 一般读作iz 例如: bus- _ watch- _ wish- _3. 辅音字母加-y结尾时，把-y变成-i, 再加-es; 读作iz例如: factory- _ 4. 以-f或-fe结尾时，把-f或-fe变成-v, 再加-es; 读作vz例如: life- _ shelf- _ 5. 以-o字母结
3、尾的单词，当其表示无生命的事物时, 加-s；当其表示有生命的事物时, 加-es; 读作z例如: photo- _ tomato- _ 6. 在大写字母及大写字母的缩写形式的复数中，应加-s; 读作z例如: three UFOs 7. 在小写字母及数字的复数形式中，应加-s; 读作z例如: two 6s: 两个6 three as: 三个a字母 8. 不规则变化：2foot- _ tooth- _ goose- _mouse- _ man- _ policewoman- _ox- _ child- _ 9. 单复数同形：deer, fish, cattle, steelworks(炼钢厂), m
4、eans, works, series(系列；丛书)， species(物种), Swiss(瑞士人), Chinese, Janpanese 3、合成词的复数变化规则： 1. 一般将主体名词变为复数：例如: father-in-law: _ passer-by: _ 2. 无主体名词构成的复合词，在词尾加-s或-es,变为复数：例如: grown-up: _ go-between: _ 3. 由man或woman构成的复合名词应将两部分都变为复数：例如: man doctor: _ 4、只有复数形式的名词：glasses: _, gloves: _, scissors: _, socks:
5、_, earnings: _, surroundings: _, stairs: _, goods: _, ruins: _, forces: _5、不可数名词具体化：failure: _ _ success: _ _ experience: _ _ surprise: _ _cold: _ _ pleasure: _ _pity: _ _ honour: _ _6、名词所有格(s)：通常用于表示有生命的东西的名词之后. 1. 一般直接加s, 例如my brothers bag; 以-s或-es结尾的复数名词, 所有格在名词上方加； 例如the workers club. 2. 复合名词所有格
6、的s, 通常加在后面的名词之后, 例如her son-in-laws photo. 3. 如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词后加s; 如果不是两人共有的，则两个名词后都要加s. 例如Jane and Marys room: _ Janes and Marys room: _ 4. 在表示 “某人家”、 “店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。例如at the doctors: _ at the barbers: _ at the tailors: _ 5. 表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词后，也可用s构成所有格。例如Chinas industry: _ te
7、n minutes walk: _ 7、名词所有格(of)：表示无生命的东西的名词, 通常用 “of +名词”来表示所有关系。 例如the window of the room: _ 8、双重所有格：名词+ of +名词所有格; 例如a friend of Jacks3名词+ of +名词性物主代词; 例如some friends of mine 九、常见的修饰名词的短语： 1. 只能修饰可数名词复数的短语：a great/good many; a few; scores of; dozens of; hundreds of ; thousands of; millions of; billi
8、ons of 2.只能修饰不可数名词的短语：a great/good deal of; a great/good amount of;a little; quite a bit of 3.既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的短语：plenty of; a lot of; lots of;a good supply of/supplies of; a large quantity of/quantities of* a large quantity of + 不可数名词/名词复数 + 动词单数quantities of + 不可数名词/名词复数 + 动词复数名词专项复习题组训练：名词专项复习题组
9、训练：1. All the_ have three _ each. A. hero; photo B. heros; photos C. heroes; photoes D. heroes; photos2. A group of_ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill. A. sheep;grass;leaves B. sheeps;grasses;leaves C. sheep;grass;leaf D. sheeps;grass;leafs3. All the _ are made of _, not plastics. A. glass;
10、glass B. glasses;glass C. glass;glasses D. glasses;glasses4. What did you see?I saw _ police there. A. many B. much C. little D. the 5. _ fish are there in that bowl ?A. How much B. How many C. Do you know how much D. Whats the number of 6. The _ we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while
11、. A. cow B. dog C. deer D. horse7. _ is needed in cold countries. A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes8. I tried every _ to make him give up smoking,but failed. A. mean B. way C. meaning D. means9. Two _ years ago ,he lived in America. A. scores B. score C. score o
12、f the D. scores of 410. _ are sold in the new store. A. Man and childs shoes B. Mens and childrens shoes C. Men and children shoes D. Mens and childs shoes11. They are _ in name, but they are no longer in practice. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. lady doctors D. ladies doctors 12. Julie went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes . A. shoes store B. shoe store C. shoes store D. shoes store13. What would you like to drink?Ill have _, please. A. a coffee cup B. small coffee C. a little coffee D. a cup coff
