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1、1介词短语在句中分析与翻译的实例 011You can already buy small video telephones，with builtin-screen and cameras，that transmit still images over regular telephone lines to anyone else with avideo telephone现在已能买到小型的电视电话机，机上装有屏幕和摄像机，可以通过平常的电话线把静止的图像传送给任何一个有电视电话的人。(with canleras 用作独立定语，修饰 telephones。)2The scientific wor
2、ker attempts to formulate these problems in accurate terms and to solve them in the light of all the relevant facts that can be collected by observation and experiment科学工作者力图精确地描述这些问题，然后根据通过观察和实验收集到的有关事实来解决这些问题。(介词短语 in accurate terms 作方式方法状语，说明 to formulate。in the light experiment 作方式方法状语，说明 tosolv
3、e。)3The atom is analogous to a miniature solar system，with a nucleus as the“sun and electrons as the“planetsrevolving in orbits around the nucleus 原子类似于一个小型太阳系，原子核可看作“太阳”，电子可看作是沿轨道绕着核旋转的行星”。 (analogous to， “与相似”。with a nucleus as ，and(with) electrons as 是 with 引出的复合结构，用来对 solar system 作补充说明。)4The un
4、it of heat on the cgssystem is the calorie，which is established as the amount of heat required to raise one gramme of water by one degree centigrade2热的厘米克秒制单位是卡，将 1 克水升高摄氏 1 度所需的热量定为 1 卡。(cgssystem=centimeter-gramsecond system， “厘米克秒制”。介词短语on system 作定语，修饰 unit。by 所引导的介词短语是 raise 要求的，这里 by 表示数量增减的绝对
5、值。例如：increase by 10， “增加 10”；decrease by two orders of magnitude， “减小两个数量级”。)5Sometimes the individual crystals，with plane faces and sharp edges and corners，are visible to the naked eye,and sometimes they can be seen only under a microscope单晶有时用肉眼就能看得到，有时只有在显微镜下才能看得见，这种单晶有着平的晶面和锐利的棱角。(with plane fac
6、es corners 是介词短语用作独立定语，修饰 crystals。)6Modern Japan and other Oriental countries are emerging with the irresistible urge for better standards of living and anovel， powerful role in the worlds economy在不可阻挡地迫切要求提高生活水平和在世界经济中发挥新的、强有力的作用的驱使下，现代的日本和其他东方国家正在崛起。(with economy 有条件状语的意味，用来修饰 emerging。) 7Liquids
7、，however，are highly incompressible；that is，very large pressures，of the order of thousands of tons per square inch，are required to diminish their volumes appreciably3但是，液体是非常不易压缩的；要明显地压缩液体的体积，就需要巨大的压力，其数量级达每平方英寸几千吨。(介词短语 of the order inch 是独立定语，修饰pressures。)8One suggestion has been the use of mixture
8、s of two different types of insecticide，with the idea that one of them should eliminate the individuals resistant to the other有一种设想是使用两种不同类型的混合杀虫剂，其想法是如果害虫对其中之一有抗药性，那么另一种就能杀死它。(介词短语 with the idea 一the other 作 two types of insecticide 的定语，对它作补充说明。that 引导的从句作 idea 的同位语。resistand to the other 是形容词短语作 i
9、ndividuals 定语。) 9The side of Mercury which is turned away from the sun remains in eternal darkness，with a temperature only a few degrees above absolute zero水星背向太阳的那一面，却永远处于黑暗之中，那里的温度仅比绝对零度高几度。(with a temperature above 对 the side of Mercury 补充说明。)10No distinction can be drawn between pure and applied
10、 science in terms of differences in the training or competence of workers， or in organization， or in method，or even in the immediate outcome of the work不能根据工作人员的训练程度和资格、组织机构、研究方法甚至研究工作的直接成果等方面的差别来划分理论科学与应用科学的界线。(between一 science 作定语，修饰 distinction。in terms of 作状语，说明 can be drawn。)411An object with a
11、t least one easily measurable property which changes apprecially while the obiect is coming to thermal equilibrium may be used as a temperature-measuring device，or thermometer当一种物质进入热平衡时，至少具有一种变化显著因而易于测量的特性，这种物质可用来作为测温装置，即温度计。(with 一equilibrium 用作定语，修饰 An object。)12If we could go on an imaginary jou
12、rney from the surface to the centre of a star such as the Sun，we would find a steady increase in temperature and pressure如果我们能从像太阳这样的恒星的表面到其中心作一次想像的旅行，我们会发现温度和压力将持续不断地增加。(from to the Sun 用作定语，修饰 journey。)13The fact that a compass needle assulnes a northsouth direction leads to the conclusion that th
13、e earth must be a magnet， with the space all around it constituting a huge magnetic field指南针指向南北方向这一事实可导出这样的结论：地球必定是一个磁体，地球周围的所有空间构成了一个巨大的磁场。(句中两个 that 引导的都是同位语从句。with field 是分词复合结构，起补充说明作用。)14The second aspect is the application by all members of society，from the government officials to the ordinar
14、y citizen，of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work。第二方面涉及从政府官员到普通公民等所有社会成员运用科学家在工作中所5用的思维和行动的特定方法。(from 。 to 作非限定性定语修饰 members。by 和 of所引导的两个介词短语均修饰 the application，of 短语被两个介词短语分隔开了。)15Chemistry has two main aspects：descriptive chemistry，the discovery and tabulat
15、ion of chemical facts；and theoretical chemistry，the formulation of theories that，upon verification，unify these facts and combine them into a system。化学有两个主要方面：叙述性化学，即化学事实的发现和制表；理论化学，即对化学理论的系统阐述，根据验证把化学事实统一起来，从而归纳成一个体系。(the discovery facts 是 descriptive chemistry 的同位语，the formulation a system 是theoret
16、ical chemistry 的同位语，其中 that 引出定语从句，upon verification 用作状语。)16Every body in the universe attracts every other body with a force directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two bodies and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them 宇宙中每一物体都以一引力吸引另外的每一物体，该引力与两物体质量的乘积成正比，而与两物体之间的距离平方成反比。(with a force 是状语，
