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1、第十二讲 定语从句中考要求内容内容基本要求基本要求略高要求略高要求较高要求较高要求定语从句定语从句一、定语从句的功能和结构； 二、关系代词和关系副词的用法； 三、定语从句中需要注意的问题。非限制性定语从句的用法语法考点定语从句的重要性：在中考的阅读理解、完形填空及书面表达等题型中，对句子及篇章的理解起重要作定语从句的重要性：在中考的阅读理解、完形填空及书面表达等题型中，对句子及篇章的理解起重要作 用。用。考点梳理定语从句的功用和结构定语从句的功用和结构定语从句的功用和结构：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词 叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句
2、的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。 例：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词和关系副词的用法清单一、关系代词和关系副词的功用清单一、关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，
3、在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系 代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词可作状语。 1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。 例：I dont like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： 例：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. Th
4、e book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语：关系代词whose 在定语从句中作定语用。 例：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语： 例：Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. This is the house where I wa
5、s born.清单二、清单二、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 例：The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。 例：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？ Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3. whose
6、 指人，在定语从句中作定语。 例：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。 例：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 例：Ive read
7、 the newspaper that (which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。 例：Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。 例：This is the house where we lived
8、last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.清单三、清单三、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语 从句中作主语、宾语或定语。只能指人的关系代词：只能指人的关系代词：Awho指人，在定语从句中作主语。 例：What was the name of the man who lent you the money？借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？ （定语从句修饰先行词the
9、man） He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he） The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right. 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。 （定语从句修饰先行词the chairman） 【考点】【真题】2010北京西城二模完型： But those who have received Pattis organs cannot forget.Bwhom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom 可省略或可用who 来代替，但在 介词后面以及
10、在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。例：There are some people (whom/ who) we like and others (whom/ who) we dislike. 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others） The people whom/ who I work with are all friendly. 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词the people） Mr. Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interes
11、ted in or plan. 昨晚我在电话里和卡特 先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用who 代替whom） Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who）【考点】【真题】 PET / BETS-2 句型转换 The lady to whom youre speaking is my aunt. 只能指物的关系代词：只能指物的关系代词：Cwhich 1指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。 例：
12、English is a language which is easy to learn. 英语是一门容易学的语言。（which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略） This is a folk song which is now very popular. 这是目前非常流行的一首民谣。（which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略） The river which flows through London is the Thames. 流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。（which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略） The children like cookies (which) my wife makes.
13、 孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which 作makes 的宾语，可以省略) 2which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。 例：Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody. 吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。 （定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test） Sheila couldnt come to the party, which was a pity. 希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party） 3which
14、在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。 例：John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together. 约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。 It might snow this weekend, in which case we wont go to Beijing. 周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。既能指人，又能指物的关系代词：既能指人，又能指物的关系代词：Dwhose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。 例：There are s
15、ome people whose faces you can never forget. 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。 （定语从句修饰先行词people） I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰先行词trees） 【方法】注意：如果关系代词后有一个名词成分需要修饰，一定选择 whose.Ethat指人时相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语时常可 省略）。 例：He is the man th
16、at lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词the man，作主语）I dont like stories that have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 （定语从句修饰先行词stories，作主语） The dress (that) Ann bought doesnt fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 （定语从句修饰先行词the dress，that 作宾语可省略） Is there anything (that) I can do for you？有我能为你效劳的事吗？ （定语从句修饰先行词anything，that 作宾语，可省略） 提示：在口语中，that 有时还可以作关系副词，相当于when 或介词+which 结构。 例：We left the day (that) he arrived. 他来的那一天，我们就走了。（that 替when） He doesnt see things the way (that) we see
