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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：Is there a commercially viable market for crop insurance in rural Bangladesh? 出 处： Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change (2009) 14:215229 作 者： Sonia Akter, Roy Brouwer, Saria Choudhury, Salina Aziz 原 文Is there a commercially viable market for crop insurance in rural Bangladesh?Abstract：The
2、study aims to assess the commercial viability of a potential crop insurance market in Bangladesh. In a large scale household survey, agricultural farm households were asked for their preferences for a hypothetical crop insurance scheme using double bounded(DB) contingent valuation (CV) method. Both
3、revenue and production cost based indemnity payment approaches were applied to assess the commercial viability of a crop insurance program assuming a partner-agent (PA) model of insurance supply. Crop insurance is found marginally commercially viable in riverine flood plain areas. The expected indem
4、nity payable consistently exceeds the expected insurance premium receivable by the insurer for the households living in wetland basin and coastal floodplain. We conclude that a uniform structure of crop insurance market does not exist in Bangladesh. The nature of the disaster risks faced by the farm
5、 households and the socioeconomic characteristics of the rural farm communities need to be taken into careful consideration while designing such an insurance scheme.Key words: Crop insurance; Commercial viability; Willingness to pay; Double bounded contingent valuation ; BangladeshIntroductionAgricu
6、lture contributes one quarter of the Bangladesh GDP and is the source of employment for more than 80% of the rural population. Weather related risk is a major source of income fluctuations for agricultural households in Bangladesh. Both coastal as well as inland farm households face natural disaster
7、 risks due to its geographical location and very low land elevation. The increased volume of rainfall and other catastrophic events caused by climate change during the past decades have intensified the livelihood risk faced by agricultural farmers in this part of the world. The management of inheren
8、t and increased amount of risk associated with agricultural crop production has remained the key challenge in the poverty reduction program of Bangladesh for the past few decades. Traditionally, the management of catastrophe risks in Bangladesh agriculture has revolved around infrastructural measure
9、s such as building embankments and ex-post disaster relief measures, including increased access to post-disaster credit facilities. Following the overwhelming success of micro-credit in Bangladesh, there is a growing optimism in micro-insurance solutions to protect rural farmers from income shocks r
10、esulting from catastrophic risks. The aim of the proposed disaster micro-insurance is to spread the risks of natural disasters especially for the poor counterpart of the population in order to make them better prepared to cope with increased climatic disasters such as floods, cyclones and storm surg
11、es.Whilst the use of micro-insurance to cover life and health risks is prevalent to some extent, the use of micro-insurance to hedge against natural disaster losses in rural areas of Bangladesh is still only emerging. The National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA 2005), prepared by the Ministry of
12、 Environment and Forests, suggests exploring options for spreading natural disaster risks by investigating the potential of crop insurance markets so that agricultural farmers are better prepared to cope with the increased risk of crop damage. Two feasibility studies, one by the Ministry of Commerce
13、 and another by the Department of Environment, are currently underway to test the feasibility of crop insurance in the most calamity prone areas of Bangladesh. Although micro-insurance is often referred to as an effective tool for reducing, sharing or spreading climate-related costs and risks, the c
14、ommercial viability of such insurance schemes has been a key challenge for poor developing economies as the transfer of losses from affected groups to the community at large is not feasible at an affordable premium rate. Although the experience and available information are too limited to reach any
15、conclusion about such schemes, overall, crop insurance has not been very successful based on standard commercial criteria throughout the world. Especially in developing countries where the poorest counterparts of the population often find themselves in a spiral of recurrent damages due to natural ca
16、lamities, disaster insurance schemes fail to earn enough premium income to cover payouts as well as administrative costs.The aim of the study presented here is to assess the financial viability of a potential crop insurance market in Bangladesh, one of the poorest and most disaster prone countries in the world. In a large scale household survey carried out at the end of 2006, 3600 riverine and coastal floodplain residents in Bangladesh were asked for their
