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1、 密 级 桂林电子科技大学 硕硕 士士 学学 位位 论论 文文 题目题目 脉冲超宽带雷达回波信号采集系统的 设计与实现 （英文）（英文） Design and implementation of acquisition system for pulse ultra-wideband radar echo signal 研研 究究 生生 学学 号号: 112021210 研研 究究 生生 姓姓 名名: 胡恺 指导教师姓名、职务指导教师姓名、职务: 欧阳缮 （教授） 申申 请请 学学 位位 门门 类类: 工学硕士 学科、专学科、专 业业 名名 称称: 信号与信息处理 提提 交交 论论 文文 日日
2、期期: 2014.04 论论 文文 答答 辩辩 日日 期期: 2014.06 摘 要 I 摘 要 脉冲型超宽带穿墙雷达的回波信号带宽极宽，数字化接收机的采样率必须达到GHz 量级以上才能正确接收，这对模数转换器件和数据采集系统的设计提出了更高的要求，目前脉冲超宽带信号的模数转换只能采用等效采样技术实现。本文针对伪随机采样的脉冲超宽带雷达回波信号的数据采集、传输及上位机显控等问题进行了研究，设计和实现了一种用于脉冲超宽带穿墙雷达回波信号的数据采集系统。 主要完成的工作如下： 1、信号采集系统方案设计。根据脉冲超宽带雷达回波信号采集系统要完成的功能，对系统进行划分，分为以 FPGA 为平台的数据采
3、集端，以 ARM 为平台的数据传输端，以及基于 PC 的上位机显控端，并确定各个部分的实现方式与硬件平台。 2、设计与实现了基于 FPGA 的伪随机等效采样算法。用 Verilog 对 FPGA 进行编程，通过模块化的编程方式，编程实现了对外部同步时钟芯片以及 AD 芯片的控制，并且实现了伪随机等效采样算法，能够实现对纳秒级雷达回波信号的采集与还原，等效采样率达到 10GS/s。 3、利用 ARM 设计与实现了网络传输协议。分析了 TCP/IP 通信结构，根据实现网络通信所需的协议，编程实现了包括 UDP、ARP、IP、ICMP 协议在内的一系列网络通信协议，实现了接收数据与控制字符的网络传输
4、。 4、设计与实现了用于脉冲超宽带穿墙雷达的上位机软件。研究了后向投影算法，根据脉冲超宽带雷达系统性的需求，通过 VC 与 MATLAB 混合编程的方式，设计了上位机显控界面，使其完成控制采集回波信号，通过网络接收采集数据，将采集数据经过后向投影算法处理成像并且显示的功能。 5、系统的测试与联调。将回波信号采集系统与雷达系统中的其它模块进行联调，通过实际设置测试场景获得实验数据，并将数据处理结果通过上位机进行显示，证实了信号采集系统的功能。 关键词：超宽带信号；伪随机等效采样；数据采集；网络传输；上位机显控 Abstract II Abstract The echo signals of pu
5、lsed ultra-wideband through wall radar have extremely wide bandwidth. To collect these signals correctly, the sampling rate of the digital receiver must reach the order of GHz, which is a challenge for ADC and data acquisition system. Currently, due to technical limitations, we can only use equivale
6、nt sampling technology for analog to digital conversion of the ultra-wideband signals. In this paper, problems of the ultra-wideband signals were studied, such as data collection by pseudo-random equivalent sampling, data transmission and PC display and control, and implementation of a data acquisit
7、ion system for ultra-wideband through wall radar. The main work is done as follows: 1. The design of the signal acquisition system. According to the function of pulse radar echo signal acquisition system, the system is divided into three parts: a data collection part based on FPGA platform, a data t
8、ransmission part based on ARM platform and a display and control part based on PC. 2. Design and implementation of pseudo-random equivalent sampling algorithm based on FPGA. Verilog language is used to program the FPGA. Not only the control of external synchronization clock chip and AD chip, but als
9、o pseudo-random equivalent sampling algorithm are realized through the modular way. The work is able to acquire nanosecond radar echo signal, and reach equivalent sampling rate of 10GS / s. 3. Design and implementation of network transmission protocol based on ARM. The communication structure of TCP
10、/IP is analyzed, according to the protocols required by network communication. A series of network communication protocols are realized, including UDP、ARP、IP、ICMP. Realize the network transmission of receiving data and control characters. 4. Design and implementation of PC software for UWB through-w
11、all radar. The back-projection algorithm is studied. According to the systematic needs of UWB radar, design PC display and control interface by mixed programming of VC and MATLAB, which can not only control the data acquisition of echo signal and transfer data to the PC through the data transmission
12、 part efficiently, but also process the data and show the result on man-machine interface. 5. System testing. To confirm the function of signal acquisition system, connect and debug the signal acquisition system and other modules of radar system, obtain the experimental data by setting actual testin
13、g scenarios, process the data and show the result Abstract III on the PC. Key word: Ultra-wideband signal; Pseudo-random equivalent sampling; Data acquisition; Network transmission; PC display and control 目 录 IV 目 录目 录 摘 要 .I Abstract. II 第一章 绪论 . - 1 - 1.1 选题背景和意义. - 1 - 1.2 国内外研究动态. - 2 - 1.3 本文的主要工作. - 3 - 第二章 数据采集系统的方案设计.
