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1、1如何区分三种非谓语动词在英语中,动词的地位非常重要,它可以充当句子的谓语,同时受主语的限制,必须在人称上和主语一致。另外,动词在句子中的作用不止于作谓语。动词不定式,动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上,充当句子的主语,表语,定语,宾语,状语等成分,这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要的句法功能一览表。.不定式与动名词作主语的用法比较:1. 动词原形不能在句中作主语。如果某个动词在句中需作主语,我们可以把它们变成动名词或动词不定式,有时它们的意思没多大区别。但前后要讲究对称。如: To see is to belive. = Seeing i
2、s believing. 百闻不如一见。2. 一般来讲,在表示比较抽象笼统的一般行为时多用动名词,在表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式。如:Smoking is bad for health. 吸烟对人身体有害。 (笼统地谈吸烟问题)To finish the job in two days is impossible.要两天之内完成这项工作是不可能.的。 (具体地 谈这项工作)3. 不定式作主语时,通常用形式主语 it 于句首,把不定式置于句尾,使句子平稳,以避免头重脚轻。动名词作主语用后置的情况远不及不定式那么普遍,常限于 good, use, a waste of time
3、,useless 等词的后面。如:It is impossible to finish the job in two days.It is no good /use having a car if you cant drive.如果你不会开车,有车也没用。It is a waste of time watching TV. 看电视是浪费时间。4. 在 There is no句型中,常用动名词作主语。There is no doing 没法做。 。 。 。只能用动名词作主语。如:There is no saying what will happen .无法估计将会发生什么。There is no
4、 knowing whether he will come or not.无法知道他是否会来。There is no +不可数名词+ doing 多用动名词,但也可用不定式。如:There is no need asking (to ask ) for his advice.There is no use trying (to try ) it again.There is no good smoking too much.There is no use making an excuse for this.为这事編召借口没用。不定式和动名词作宾语的用法比较1. 有些及物动词后只能接动名词作宾语
5、,不能接不定式,常见的有:finish;enjoy,admit;appreciate;avoid(避免);mind(介意);delay( 延误);dislike;escape(逃离) ;excuse(原谅) ; miss(错过) ;risk(冒险);practise;understand;imagine( 想象) ;suggest(建议);stand(忍受) ;deny( 否认) ;fancy(想象);keep;allow( 容许 );permit(许可);forbid( 禁止);advise(建议);resist(抵制;防御;忍住) ;put off(推迟) ;cant help (不禁)
6、;feel like; pay attention to; look forward to(期盼);be used to(习惯于);stick to doing (坚持);lead to doing (导致) ; devote to doing(献身于) ; be busy doing; be worth doing(值得做) ;be accustomed to(习惯于)I m sorry missed seeing while in Shanghai.很遗憾,我在上海时没看到你。He suggested discussing the problem at the class meeting.
7、他建议在班会上讨论这个问题。Would you mind closing the window?你介意把窗户关上吗?Will you admit having broken the window?你承不承认打破了窗户了?He avoided giving us a definite answer .他避免给我们一个肯定的回答。I was afraid to let the boy risk climbing the tree.我不敢让这个男孩冒险爬那棵树。I couldnt help crying when I heard the news.听到那个消息我不禁哭起来。2. 有些动词后面既可以接
8、不定式作宾语,也可以接动名词作宾语,其意义基本一样,如: begin ; start; continue; hate; like ; love,但 like, love 和 would 或 should 连用时,接不定式作宾语。We began making/to make plans for the work.我们开始制定工作计划。I like playing /to play the piano.功能非谓语动词主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语不定式 to do 动名词 doing 极少分词doing;done 2我喜欢弹钢琴。He continued working / to work as if nothing had happened.他继续工作就好像什么事都没发生过。Would you like to go shopping with me?你愿意和我去购物吗?3. 有些动词后面既可以既然动名词又可接不定式作 宾语,但意义不同。 如: