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1、Lesson 15 The Damned Human Race Mark Twain,Pre-class work: What do you know about Mark Twain? Can you name some books he wrote?,The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country卡拉维拉斯县有名的跳娃The Innocents Abroad傻瓜出国记 A series of newspaper articles after his European trip later was published as this book
2、. It explores the scrupulous individualism in a world of fantastic speculation and unstable values, and gives its name to the get-rich-quick years of the post Civil War era.The Gilded Age镀金时代The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆索亚历险记,The Prince and the Pauper王子和贫儿The Adventures of Huckberry Finn哈克贝利费恩历险记 I
3、n this book, Finn was a boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience”.It is one of the best works produced by Mark Twain, and it has always been regarded as one of the great books of western literature and western civilization. Hemingway described it as the book from which“ all modern American
4、literature comes”.,About the author: Mark Twain (1835-1910) was born Samuel Langhorne Clements in Florida, Missouri, but lived as a child in Hannibal, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. He took the pen name Mark Twain from the call of the pilots on the river steamers, which indicated that the water
5、 was twelve feet deep, a safe depth for a steamer.During his early years, he worked as a riverboat pilot, newspaper reporter, printer, and gold prospector. But then he turned to writing, and became one of the greatest of American writers.,His masterpiece:Innocents Abroad 1869傻子出国记为通讯集，是马克吐温的旅欧报道。写天真
6、无知的美国人在欧洲的旅游见闻，滑稽、诙谐，表现出美国人在欧洲封建社会傻子出国记为通讯集，是马克吐温的旅欧报道。写天真无知的美国人在欧洲的旅游见闻，滑稽、诙谐，表现出美国人在欧洲封建社会及其印记面前的优越感。 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1876本书描写了十九世纪密西西比河畔一个小镇人民的生活，可以说是当时美国社会生活的一个缩影。小主人公汤姆索亚和他的小伙伴幼稚而又认真的言行可以给我们很深的启示他们讨厌牧师骗人的鬼话不喜欢学校枯燥的教育与循规蹈矩的大人和孩子唱对台戏他们聪明活泼正直勇敢尤其是在一些重大事件发生的时候在正义与邪恶一较量中在危机降临的时刻他们能义无反顾地
7、挺身而出。,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1885本书讲述的是一个忍受不了“资产阶级生活方式”和酗酒的父亲的毒打而离家出走的白人孩子哈克，和一个逃亡的黑奴吉木，同乘一个木筏，在密西西比河上漂流的见闻和遭遇。全面、彻底地揭露资本主义政治的所谓“自由和民主”的神话。 Life on the Mississippi 1883The Prince and the Pauper 1882,His writing style: hilariously humorous bitterly satirical,About the story: The author wr
8、ites about ugly human traits and dispositions. In his opinion, human beings are not ascended from the lower animals but descended from the higher animals.,Detailed Discussion of the TextParagraph 11. I have been studying the traits and dispositions of the “lower animals”, and contrasting them with t
9、he traits and dispositions of man. I find the result humiliating to me.I have been studying the characteristics of the so-called lower animals in comparison with those of man. The result of this study makes me, as a man, feel terribly ashamed.,traits and dispositions: characteristics; features; natu
10、re; qualities; personalitieshumiliating: making me feel ashamed; embarrassing; mortifying Notice the tongue-in-cheek (as a joke, not seriously) way the author expresses his ideas. He makes it sound as if he were conducting and reporting on the result of a scientific investigation. In other words, he
11、 is deliberately using a pompous style to achieve humor.,2. For it obliges me to renounce my allegiance to the Darwinian theory of the Ascent of Man from the Lower Animals and to name it the Descent of Man from the Higher Animals.Because the result of my study forces me to give up (to abandon) my lo
12、yalty to (firm belief in ) Darwins theory of evolution and to change the theory of the Ascent of Man from the Lower Animals to the theory of the Descent of Man from the Higher Animals. to oblige sb to do sth: to force sb to do sth; to make it necessary for sb to do sthto renounce: to abandon or give
13、 up; to reject or disown allegiance: loyalty, esp. to a nation or a cause,Paragraph 31. It also seemed to suggest that the earl was descended from the anaconda, and had lost a good deal in the transition.It also seemed to show that the earl came from the anaconda and had lost a lot of the anacondas
14、good qualities in the process.to be descended from sb: to be related to sb who lived a long time ago,Paragraph 41. I was aware that many men who have accumulated more millions of money than they can ever use have shown a rabid hunger for more, and have not scrupled to cheat the ignorant and the help
15、less out of their poor saving in order to partially appease that appetite.I knew that many men who have more money than they can ever use have shown a mad desire to get more, and they have not hesitated to cheat poor people and their few saving in order to satisfy that desire.,rabid: uncontrollable
16、(Note: it is related to rabies, which is an acute, infectious and often fatal disease of dogs, also known as hydrophobia, transmitted by the bite of the infected animal)to have not scrupled to do sth: to be willing to do something even though it may be wrong or may upset people to cheat sb out of sth: to trick or deceive sb in order to get an advantage, e.g.to cheat sb out of his money or job or land,etcthe ignorant and helpless: the uneducated and powerless people; the poor laboring people in generalto appease: to satisfy or relieve (hunger, thirst, desire, etc),
