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1、现现在在完完成成时时讲讲解解一 基基本本结结构构：助助动动词词 have/has+过过去去分分词词(done) 二 句句型型：否定句：主语 +have/has + not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语简略答语: Yes, 主语主语 + have/has.(肯定肯定)No, 主语主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定否定)三三用用法法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含含义义
2、是是:现现在在我我没没有有钱钱花花了了 .) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含含义义：郭郭子子君君现现在在在在这这儿儿 )My father has gone to work.(含含义义是是:我我爸爸爸爸现现在在不不在在这这儿儿 ) （2）现现在在完完成成时时可可以以用用来来表表示示发发生生在在过过去去某某一一时时刻刻的的 ,持持续续到到现现在在的的动动作作（用用行行为为动动词词表表示示）或或状状态态（be动动词词表表示示）常常与与 for（+时时间间段段）,since（+时时间间点点或或过过去去时时的的句句子子）连连用用 . for+时时段段sinc
3、e+过过去去一一个个时时间间点点（译译为为：自自从从 以以来来）since+时时段段+agosince+从从句句（过过去去时时）It is+时时段段+since+从从句句（过过去去时时）Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四四 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的的区区别别Have/Has gone(to) :去去了了(现现在在不不在在说说话话现现场场 )Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Hav
4、e/Has been (to) :去去过过（已已不不在在去去过过的的地地方方）My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆呆了了多多久久（还还在在所所呆呆 的的地地方方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志五现在完成时的标志 1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义种含义: * 以以 alread
5、y, just 和和 yet 为标志为标志 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。他还没有回来。* 以以 ever 和和 never 为标志为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。他从没有到过北京。
6、* 以动作发生的次数为标志以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。他说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以以 so far（到目前为止）为标（到目前为止）为标+before He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去甚至有可能继续延
7、续下去,我们可以从动作我们可以从动作“延续延续”的特的特性和性和“时间时间”点段的区分入手点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。进一步学习现在完成时。* for+时时段段 since+过过去去一一个个时时间间点点（ 过过去去 从从句句）为为标标志志注注意意： 1)现现在在完完成成时时不不能能单单独独与与过过去去的的时时间间状状语语连连用用 , 如如 yesterday, last week, three years ago 等等; 2)不不能能与与 when 连连用用 2.现现在在完完成成时时往往往往同同表表示示不不确确定定的的过过去去时时间间状状语语连连用用六过去分词六过去分词1 、规规则则
8、动动词词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加 “ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加 “ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y“ 变为 “i“ ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-st
9、opped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不不规规则则动动词词 ：AAA 型原型 过去式 过去分词burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitput put putset set setshut shut shutspread spread spreadread read read read 原形发音为 /ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为 /red/AAB 型 beat beat beaten ABA 型become becam
10、e becomerun ran runcome came come特殊情况 ABB 型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built builtburn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundhear heard heardhold held heldkeep kept keptlay laid laidlead led ledlose lost lostmake made mademeet met m
11、etsell sold soldshoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stoodsweep swept sweptteach taught taughttell told told think thought thoughtwin won wonABC 型 begin began begunblow blew blownbreak broke brokenchoose chose chosendraw drew drawndrive drove drivendrink drank drunk fly flew flownforgive forgave fo
12、rgivenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave givengrow grew grownknow knew knownride rode riddenrise rose risenring rang rungshake shook shakensing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote written七七 瞬瞬间间动动词词（buy, die, join, come，go, leave, join ）不不能能直直接接与与 for
13、since 连连用用。要要改改变变动动词词buy-have borrow -keep come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out leave -be awaybegin-be on finish-be overopen-be open close -be closed die-be dead1.have 代代替替 buy My brother has had(不不能能用用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用用 keep 或或 have 代代替替 borrow I have kept(不不
14、能能用用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用用 be 替替代代 become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用用 have a cold 代代替替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用用 wear 代代替替 put on b)用用“be形形容容词词”代代终终止止性性动动词词 1、bemarried 代代 marry 2、beill 代代 fall (get) ill 3、bede
15、ad 代代 die 4、beasleep 代代 fall (get) asleep 5、beawake 代代 wake/wake up 6、begone 代代 lose, die, sell, leave 7、beopen 代代 open 8、be closed 代代 close/shut 9、bemissing(gone, lost)代代 lose c)用用“be副副词词”代代终终止止性性动动词词 1“beon”代代 start, begin 2“beup”代代 get up 3“beback(to)”代代 return to, come back to, go back to 4“be here (there)”代代 come(arrive, reach, get) here 或或 go (arrive, reach, get) there 等等等等 d)用用“be介介词词短短语语 ”代代终终止止性性动动词词 1.“be in/at +地地点点”代代替替 go to /come to 2.用用 be in the army 代代替替 join the army 3.“be in/at +地地点点”代代替替 move to 常常用用瞬瞬间间动动词词变变 延延续续性性动动词词 表表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/
