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1、一、there be 句型 在英语中，通常用 there be 句型表示“某地方有某物” ，即“There be+主语+其他” 。 there be 句型使用时应注意以下两点： 1.如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，系动词 be 与就近的名词的数保持一致。如： There is a table,four chairs and a small bed in the house. 2.there be 结构中的系动词 be，有时可用 seem/appear to be,happen to be,is likely to be,used to be 或 remain，stand，exist，foll
2、ow，live，come，occur，lie，go 等替换。如： There happened to be a bad flood that year. Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There remains much to be done. 二、省略句 省略句有下列几种情况： 1、 当状语从句的主语和主句一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词 be。如： Once (he was) a teacher,he now works in a government office. Wo
3、rk hard when (you are) young,or youll regret. He looked everywhere as if (he was) in seach of something. 2、 当从句的主语是 it，谓语动词又含有系动词 be 时，可以把 it 和系动词 be 一起省略。 此时构成“if/unless/when/whenever+adj./p.p”结构。如： If （it is）carefully done,the experiment will be successful. 另外，我们还可以用 so 或 not 来代替上文的内容，常构成“if+so/no
4、t”句式。如： Get up early tomorrow.If not(you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus. 3、 当不定式中含有前面已经出现的动词时，整个不定式可以省略，但在以下情况下要 保留不定式符号 to： (1)在 want，tell，expect，mean，hope，love，plan，ask 等动词后作宾语或宾语补 足语时。如： I asked him to have dinner together，but he didnt want to.(2)在 have to，be going to，be able to，o
5、ught to，used to 等情态动词或半助动词构 成的复合结构中。如：I didnt want to leave without him,but I had to.(3)在 eager，anxious，careful，afraid，pleased，glad，happy，sorry 等形容词后。 如： -Would you like to come to our party? -Id be glad to.(4)teach,know,wonder,ask,decide 等动词后接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语时。如：I would like to give him some advice，but
6、 I dont know how to.注意：否定形式的省略用 not to。如：-Shall I go instead of him？-I prefer not to.如果不定式中含有 be，have（助动词）或 have been，省略时通常保留 be，have 或 have been。如：-He hasnt finished that task yet.-Well,he ought to have. 4、 对祈使句进行省略回答时，常用 I will 表示“将乐于做某事”,用 I wont 表示“将不 会发生某事” 。如：-Dont forget to bring your noteboo
7、k next time. -I wont. 5、 在对话中或根据上下文表达需要，有时只保留表语、宾语或状语。如： -Have you seen the film? -(I have) Not (seen the film) yet. 三、强调句型 1、 强调句型的结构：It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who+其他。所强调的可以是单词、 短语、从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语，但不能 是定语或谓语。如： It is I who am right.(强调主语) It was Mr. Green that we met at the school gate.(强
8、调宾语) It was in the park that Tom lost his watch. (强调状语) It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work. (强调状语从句) 2、 强调句型应注意的要点： (1)强调句型的疑问句： 强调句型的一般疑问句只需把 is/was 提前。如：Was it during the Anti-Japanese War that he died?特殊疑问句即对特殊疑问词进行强调，结构是：特殊疑问词+be+it+that/who+其 他。如：Who was it that broke t
9、he window?What is it that you want me to do? 强调句型还可以用“It might be that”和“It must have been that”表示推 测。如：It might be his father that youve thinking of.It must have been his brother that you saw. 对 notuntil 结构中的 until 从句或 until 短语进行强调时，要把否定词 not 放在 until 之前，即：It is/was not until + 被强调部分+that+其他。如：He d
10、idnt go to bed until ten oclock.It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed.I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 3、 如何判断强调句型：主要是看能否将此句还原成一个完整的句子，即把“It is/was + tha
11、t/who”去掉后仍然是个完整的句子，那么该句就是强调句，否则不是。 如： It is there he met one of his old friends.He met one of his old friends there.(强调句) It is clear that not all the boys like football.Clear not all the boys like football. (不是强调句) 4、 几组容易与强调句型混淆的句型： (1)It is/was+时间+when 从句：在这个句子中 it 指时间，when 引导的是时间状语从 句。试比较： a.It
12、was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. b.It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.a 是强调句型，被强调的是时间状语;b 是“It is/was+时间+when 从句”句型， midnight 作表语。 (2)It is/was+时间+since 从句 该句型有两种含义：如果 since 从句中的谓语动词是非延续性的，则表示“自 从有多长时间了” ；如果是延续性的，则表示“不做某事已经有多长时间 了” 。如： It is three years since he joined the
13、 army.自他参军以来已经有三年了。 It is many years since he smoked.他没有吸烟已有好多年了。 (3)It be long +before 从句。这种句型有以下几种句式：It wasnt long before 不久以后就 It wont be long before 不久就会 It was (not) two years/days before 两年/两天后才会(用不了两年/两天就会) 试比较：It was two years before he came back from abroad.It was two years later that he ca
14、me back from abroad.(强调句型)同样表示“他两年以后回国” ，强调句型中用的是时间状语的表达方 式。 5、 强调谓语动词：强调句型直接不能强调谓语动词，如果需要强调要借助助动词 do，does 或 did。如： Do come this evening!今晚一定要来啊！ He did be late for the meeting yesterday.他昨天确实开会迟到了。 Tom does study hard now.汤姆现在学习的确很努力。 注意：不能被强调句型强调的还有让步状语、比较状语、表语、since 或 as 引导的 状语从句。答案：1、B 根据题意应填入许多鱼，而 fish 是单复数同形的可数名词，如果 要表示各种各样的鱼可以用 fishes 表示。Fish 解释为鱼肉是不可数名词。本 句表示河里有许多鱼，只有 a great number of 修饰可数名词。 2、D job 是可数名词，在 many 后应填复数名词。work 作为“工作”是一个不 可数名词。 3、B 名词复数的所有格形式只需在词尾加“”，不能再加“-s”。 4、B 在英语中有些名词常以复数形式出现，Lessons 表示课程。 5、A photo 的复数形式是加-s。 6、D police 代表整体，谓语要用复数。
