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1、1Book 6-Unit 1 Grammar: Subjunctive Mood (1) 班级班级: 姓名姓名: Step1. Explanation of the use of Subjunctive Mood (1)一、虚拟语气相关的概念。一、虚拟语气相关的概念。1. 英语动词有三种语气, 陈述语气陈述语气, 祈使语气祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气。2. 定义: 用来表示说的话不是事实, 或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、,建议、假设的语气叫虚拟语气。e.g., (1) If I were you, I would forgive Mary. 如果我是你，我会原谅玛丽。(2) How I
2、wish I were a bird. 我多么希望我是一只小鸟啊！(3) If only you could understand me! 要是你能理解我就好了！3. 在条件句中的应用: 条件句可分为两类, 一类为真实条件句, 一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况, 故采用虚拟语气。1) 真实条件句真实条件句: 真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情况可能发生, 其中 if 是如果的意思。2) 非真实条件句非真实条件句:非真实条件句用虚拟语气, 假设的情况不可能发生, 或者可能性很小, 其中 if 是“要是、如果”的意思。二、用法归纳二、用法归纳1. 虚拟语气在虚拟
3、语气在 if 条件从句中的用法条件从句中的用法 Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood.(1) If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town. 如果我是你，我会选择在小城镇工作。(2) If he had time now, he would come to see me. 如果他现在有时间的话，他会来见我。(3) If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gone for
4、a picnic. 如果昨天天气好的话，我们就去野餐了。(4) If I had a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. 如果我有机会尝试的话， 我会用一种不同的方法。(5) If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这项工作，我会用一种不同的方法。(6) If they should come tomorrow, they could meet the general manager. 如果他们每天能来的话，他们就能见到总经理。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在
5、 if 条件从句中的用法条件从句中的用法归纳归纳:所述情况从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+ （be 动词用 ）主语+ + 与过去事实相反If+主语+ ( )主语+ + + 与将来事实相反If+主语+ If+主语+ + If+主语+ + 主语+ + 2练一练：练一练：(1) If I (have) enough money now, I (buy) a new car. 如果我现在有足够的钱，我就会买一辆新车。(2) If it (rain) tomorrow, they (not go out). 如果明天下雨，他们就不外出。(3) If I (be) you, I (put) her su
6、ggestion into account. 如果我是你，我会考虑她的建议。(4) If I (study) harder last term, I (pass) the exam. 如果我上学期更努力学习的话，我就会考试及格。2.虚拟语气的特殊句式虚拟语气的特殊句式Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood.(1) I wish I were ten years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻 10 岁。(2) I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿
7、你明天跟我们一块去。(3) I wish I had met him yesterday. 要是我昨天能遇见他就好了。(4) I wish he could come tomorrow. 我希望他明天能来。(5) She sincerely wished that she might do something to comfort him. 她真切地希望能做点什么来安慰他。归纳一：归纳一：wish 后的宾语从句后的宾语从句，表示与现在情况相反，从句用 ，如例句 ， 表示与过去情况相反，从句用 ， 如例句 ；表示与将来情况相反，从句谓语常用“ ” ，如例句 。注意：注意：wish 后的宾语从句中
8、常用 代替 was, 如上面的例句 1 ； 但是动词 hope 后面不用虚拟语后面不用虚拟语气气，而用相应的时态表达与过去、现在或将来有关的希望，例如： 1）I hope you werent late. 我希望你没有迟到。2) I hope you are ready. 我希望你已经准备好了。3) We hope youll be very happy. 我们希望你非常幸福。练一练：练一练：(1) He wishes he (paint) as well as a professional artist.(2) I wish I (be) with you yesterday.(3) We
9、wish the rain (stop) tomorrow.(4) I hope you (make) great progress this term. Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood.(1) Without air, there wouldnt be living things in the world. 没有空气，世界上就没有生物。(2) With favorable winds, we might have arrived there in two days. 如果当时顺风的话，我们两
10、天就到那里了。(3) But for your help, I wouldnt have made such great progress. 要不是你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。(4) He was very busy yesterday. Otherwise he would come to the meeting. 他昨天很忙，不然的话，他就会来3参加会议。(5) I got up late, or I should have caught the first bus. 我起床晚了，不然的话，我就可以赶上早班车了。归纳二：无归纳二：无“条件条件”的虚拟语气句：的虚拟语气句： 有时虚拟的
11、条件并不是直接通过 “if”条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如 , , , , 等或通过上下文暗示来说明。句中谓语动词的形式与前面表格中的内容一致。练一练：(1) Without music, the world (be) a dull place.(2) But for your help, I (fail) in the experiment.(3) We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we (be) late.Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood
12、.(1) I would rather you told me the truth. 我宁愿你跟我讲真话。(2) I would rather you had been present. 我倒宁愿你当时在场。(3) I would rather you told him the truth next week. 我宁愿你下周再跟他讲真话。归纳三：归纳三：would rather 后的宾语从句中，后的宾语从句中，用 来表示与现在或将来情况相反的假设，如例句 ，用 表示与过去情况相反的假设， 如例句 。练一练：(1) I would rather you (do) it now.(2) I wou
13、ld rather you (not tell) me the truth yesterday.(3) I would rather you (come) tomorrow.Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood.(1) If only I were a bird! 要是我是一只小鸟该多好！(2) If only I would fly into the sky one day! 如果有朝一日我能飞上天该多好！(3) If only I had followed Mr. Lius advice! 要是
14、听了刘老师的话该多好啊！(4) If only I could speak several foreign languages! 要是我能讲几门外语就好了！(5) If only I might live on the moon one day! 如果有朝一日我能住在月球上该多好！归纳四：由归纳四：由 if only“要是就好了要是就好了.” 引导的句子相当于感叹句，多用虚拟语气。引导的句子相当于感叹句，多用虚拟语气。（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，用 (be 动词用 ), 如例句 。（2）表示与过去事实相反的假设，用 , 如例句 。（3）表示与将来事实相反的假设或难以实现的意愿或愿望，用 ，如例句 。练一练：(1) If only our parents
