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1、高考英语单项选择题的解题方法 单项填空题所考察的语言知识点多，覆盖面广，且突出语境化因素，旨在考查考生记忆、 理解、掌握中学阶段所学基础语法、基本词汇以及习语的熟练程度和灵活运用语言的能力。 考生除了必须具备扎实的基础外，还要有科学的解题方法。 1.句子结构还原法 英语中的许多句子会以各种结构出现，如倒装句，强调句等。试题还常以变化句型的方式 来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。因此考生平时就留意它们的特征，透过复杂的语言环境， 结合语法分析看透题目的意图。正确的方法有： 1）将疑问句、感叹句还原为陈述句 (1) What great difficulty we had_ her! A. persu
2、adeB. to persuade C. persuading D. persuaded分析：C。易选 D。此句考查感叹句式。可先将此句还原为陈述句式：We had great difficulty_ her.由 have difficulty(in) doing sth.知 C 项符合条件。 (2) Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002 上海春招) A. he explained B. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he e
3、xplained分析：A。易选 D，考生依据常见搭配 the reason why ；处理此题首先应该将句子还原为正 常语序，即：this is the reason_ at the meeting .。he explained 前省略了一个 that，that 引导的是一个定语从句。 (3) Who would you rather have_the report instead of you? A. to write B. writeC. writing D. written2）将倒装句、强调句还原为正常语序 (3) Mary thought that it was_ that Jane
4、did her to lend her the beautiful car.A. possibleB. kindC. necessaryD. a favor分析：D。句中的宾语从句是一个强调句式。将其转换为非强调句式: Mary thought that Jane did her_ to lend her the beautiful car. do sb a favor 是习惯搭配,意为“帮某人一个 忙”,由此可以确定 D 为正确答案? (4)_ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. （2008 江苏
5、卷）A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will youD. Unless; you will分析：A。本题考查倒装句式。先将其转换为正常语序：You will be able to keep fit and stay healthy only if you eat the correct foods.由于是对主句进行倒装，所以选 A。3）将省略句还原为完整句 省略句可用于简单句及复合句，它的使用虽然能使句子更加简洁，但有时使人理解困难。 在近年来的高考题中已多次出现省略句的考点。条件状语从句、时间状语从句等常用省略 形式。
6、解题时应根据语境逻辑需要将被省略的内容补齐，从而达到正确理解的目的。(1)Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. A. has joined B. joinsC. had joined D. joined分析：D。该题考查 since 时间状语从句中的动词时态。将第二句补充完整为：Yes, I have known since she _ the Chinese Society.主句为现在完成时，since 的从句常用一般过去时。(2) One of the sides o
7、f the board should be painted yellow, and _.(2000 春季招生)A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white分析：C。易选 A 或 D 两项。C 项补充完整应是 the other should be painted white。A 项中少 了 painted，B 及 D 项中不能用 another，因为木板只有两面，两面中的另一面只能用 the other。(3) When first _ to the market, these pro
8、ducts enjoyed great success. (2004 全国卷) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced分析：B。将从句补充完整应为：When they were first introduced to the market。D 项为进行 时的被动语态，表示正在进行，与题意不符。 (4)-What should I do with this passage?-_the main idea of each paragraph. A. Find out B. Finding outC. To find
9、 outD. Having find out (5)-What made her so sad?-_. A. She lost her moneyB. Losing her money C. She had lost her money D. Because she lost her money (6)Many volunteers are taking part in the construction of the library, which, when _,will open to the public. A. to be finishedB. finishedC. finishingD
10、. having been finished4）将冗长题干还原为简单题干 命题者往往有意设置一些无效附加信息，使题干复杂化。在解决这类题时，不妨将这些无 效附加信息大胆合理地舍去，这样有利于抓住试题主干 ，为准确求解扫除障碍。 (1)The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004 上海春招)A. as B. which C. what D. that 分析：C。该题考查名词性从句连接词的选用。插入语 I thought 可以舍去不看，at 后面
11、的 宾语从句中缺少主语，因而填 what。What 在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语；D 项 that 在名词性从句总补充当任何成分。 (2)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (2000 全国 卷）A. carry outB. carrying outC. to carry outD. carried out 分析：D。先将此句改变为两个简单句: The managers discussed the plan. 和 They would like to see the pla
12、n_ the next year. 这样我们就发现空白处应该用过去分词作宾语补足语, 表示被动意义,从而可以判断出 C 项为正确答案? (3) The farm as well as its neighbouring hills we once spent so much time _on a new look as rencently as last year. A. on has taken B. has takenC. on having takenD. having taken (4)Its dangerous to let children who are _go swimming
13、in the river. A. too young toB. so young C. not old enough toD. so old (5)The old man insisted that the book Mr. Thompson talked about_. A. was worth readingB. was worth to be read C. being worth reading D. be worth reading (6)Is _48 hours _that man-made satellite_is made in our country to orbit the
14、 planet around? A. it ; that; where B. it; when ; thatC. it for; that it takes; thatD. it ; that it takes; which5) 将被动式题干还原为主动式题干 The teacher said time should be made good use of _ our lessons well. A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. being learned分析：C。考生易选 A，受介词后接动名词短语形式影响。题干可以还原为：The teacher said
15、we should make good use of time _ our lessons well.很明显空白处所填应表示目的。2.语境分析法语境分析法 语境即一定的语言环境。近年的高考题往往自然、巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐蔽 某些有效的信息。考生仅凭语法和词汇知识来判断某些单项填空题往往很难做出正确选择，只有分析具体的语言情境，同时要注意中西文化的差异，才能找出答案。(1) Could I ask you a rather personal question?Sure, _. (2008 全国卷 II) A. pardon me B. go ahead C. good ideaD. forget it分析：B。由答语 sure 推知回答者答应对方的请求，go ahead 这里意为“问吧” 。(2) Good evening. Huangshan Hotel. Good evening. _? （2008 安徽卷）A. Do you still have a room for tonight B. What would you like, pleaseC. Is there anything I can do for you D. Who is that speaking, please分析：该题考查情境交际。由语境知，这是一电话对话。Huangshan Hote
