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1、名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 主语从句：在句子中充当主语主语从句：在句子中充当主语 主句谓语动词要用单数第三人称。 Whoever comes is welcome.1that 引导主语从句。 that 引导主语从句时，仅起连接作用，不作任何成份，不能省略。有时为了保持句子平衡， 把 that 从句后置，由形式主语 it 来代替。 That she was chosen made us very happy. It made us very happy that she was chosen.it 作形式主语，有几种固定句型： （1）It + be + adj.
2、+ that - clause It is natural / strange / important / necessary that.很自然奇怪的是重要的是必要的是 从句中的谓语动词用（should)+动词原形 It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.（2）It + be + n. + that - clause It is a fact that . 事实是 It is an honour that. 非常荣幸It is common knowlege that. 是常识 It is a pity that. 很遗憾 （3）
3、It + be + 过去分词 + that - clause It is reported that.据报道 It is believed that. 据相信 It has been proved that. 已证实 It is said that. 据说 特别提示特别提示 在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that 从句中的谓语动词用（should）+动词 原形。 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.（4）It + seem / happen 等不及物动词 + that - clause I
4、t seems / seemed that. 似乎 It happens / happened that. 碰巧 It appears that. 好像 It seems that he is wrong.2whether 引导的主语从句“是否”从句在句首时必须用 whether，置于句尾时，可换用 if Whether he will come is not clear. It is not clear whether / it he will come.3wh - 疑问词引导主语从句。 有时也可用 it 作形式主语，而把 wh - 从句后置。 What we need is more ti
5、me. It is more time what we need. Why he did this is not known. It is not known why he did this.4whatever，whoever，whomever，whenever，wherever 等引 导主语从句。 Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right. Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.表语从句表语从句 位于系动词 be，lookremain，seem 等连系动词后充当表语
6、的从名也叫表语从句。 1that 引导表语从句：that 不作任何成份，只起连接作用，不能省略。 The trouble is that we are short of money. The fact is that he is lying.2whether 引导表语从句，这时不能换用 if。 The question is whether people will buy it.3疑问词引导表语从句 The pencil is where is was. The problem was how we could find him.as if，as though 引导表语从句 He looks
7、as if he were angry.宾语从句：在句子中充当宾语宾语从句：在句子中充当宾语 that 引导的宾语从句：that 在从句中没有任何意义，不充当任何成份，可省略。 I know (that) you have met him. Lets suppose (that) one day this happens to you. He told me that he was wrong.在动词 think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine 等后 is 的宾语从句中的否定词前移。 （主 句的主语须是第一人称） I dont think you arc righ
8、t.2wh - 疑问词引导的宾语从句。 Tell me what you want Do you know who will come at the meeting?误区警示误区警示 whose，which，what 三个词都带有形容词性质：whose “谁的” ，which“哪一个” ，what“什么” 。 which 是有一定的范围的。 what - 般没有什么特定的范围。 I dont know which food you want. I dont know what he wants.3如果宾语从句还有自己的补语，应用 it 作形式宾语，而把从句后置。 这样的动词有 make，bel
9、ieve，find，feel，consider，think 等。 We think it strange that Tom dont go to school yesterday 4可以用 whatever，whoever，whomever，whenever，wherever 等引导宾语从句。 Please write down whatever he is satying. I dont know whoever will come.同位语从句：在句中充当同位语。同位语从句：在句中充当同位语。 1that 引导同位语从句。 在下列名词后可用 that 引导同位语从句：answer，belie
10、f, doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，knowledge，law，news，opinion，plan，suggestion，thought，truth 等。 l had no idea that you were here. The story goes that William killed his wife.误区警示误区警示 同位语从句引导词无意义，不充当成份，不可省略。 同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词应为同一内容。 同位语从旬前一般没有逗号。 2在 no idea 后可用 wh - 疑问词引导同位语从句。 I have no idea where he
11、has gone. I have no idea what he said.辨析比较： （1）that 引导定从句和 that 引导同位从句的区别： that 引导的定语从句是对先行词加以修饰限制，that 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语； 而同位语从句是说明名词中心词的具体内容，that 在同位语从句中不作任何成份，只起连 接作用。 He told me the news that our team won.（that 引导同位语从句） He told me the news that(which) was very exciting.（that 引导定语从句在从句中作主语） We are
12、interested the news that some foreigners will visit our school.（同位语从句） We are interested in the news that he told us.（定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语） （2） whether 与 if 在名词性从句中的用法区别：whether 和 if 表示“是否”之意，引导宾语从句时，二者可换用。 He asked if he would come. He asked whether he would come.连词 whether 引导主语从句、表语从句时，不可换用 if。 Wheth
13、er he will attend the meeting is uncertain. The question is whether he will come.宾语从句中，whether 常与 or not 搭配，if 则不可以。 I dont care whether or not she will attend the meeting.whether 可用在介词后，或带 to 的不定式前，if 则不可。 Im not sure of whether it will rain or not. I have no idea whether to go there by bus.某些动词（如
14、discuss）后面只能用 whether，不用 if。 We discusses whether we should make a change in our plan.3动词 doubt 后跟宾语从句时，在肯定句中用 whether 或 if 引导宾语从句。 在否定句、疑问句中用 that 引导宾语从句。that you had turned a deaf ear to your mothers advice. 我认为你失败的原因是你不听你母亲的忠告。 注意：注意：在“the reason why sBdoes sth. is that - 从句”的结构中，that 不能换成 becaus
15、e。 基本能力训练基本能力训练 单项选择 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。 1hope _ happy whiIe you are here Ayou to be Bfor your beingCyou will be Dyou being 2You will realize _ break the law will be punished. Athat those who Bthat those that Cwhoever Dthose whoever 3I misspelt a word here in the sentence.Well, thats _you were mistaken. （ ） Awhen Bwhat Cwhere Dwhy 4It was 3 oclock _ we arrived at the village.Oh, it was also at 3 oclock _ we arrived at the village. Awhen；when Bwhen；that Cthat；that Dthat；when 5_ air is to us is _ water is to fish. AThat；that BWhat；that CThat；what DWhat；what 6Can you make sure _
