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1、Standard Pipe ThreadsThere are many pipe thread specifications but they fall into one of two categories: The North American or US Standard and the Rest of the world.The US has the National Standard Pipe Thread designated NPT and a variation of it, the dryseal thread designated NPTF. They are really
2、the same thread. The dryseal thread differs in that the roots of the threads are slightly more truncated than the crests. The dryseal was designed to be sealed without thread sealant. If you are going to use thread sealant anyway, the fittings can be used interchangeably. Sometimes you will see NPTF
3、 used to designate National Pipe Thread Female and NPTM for National Pipe Thread Male. If someone tries to tell you this, insult them properly for being idiots.The rest of the world is based off of the British Standard Pipe Threads. There are tapered and straight thread versions. Sometimes you will
4、hear them called BSPT and BSPP respectively. The British dont call their threads that. They designate them as “R“ and “R Tr“ respectively. Germany, France, and Japan all have their own names for the threads. They are shown in the table.The National Standard and the British Standard also differ in th
5、at their pitches or threads per inch are slightly different. If you pick up two fittings they will almost go together. Dont try to put them together though. At best, youll just ruin both fittings. Only the nominal 1/2“ and 3/4“ have the same pitch. Still, dont try to put them together (it may work)
6、because the thread forms are slightly different and you may have a difficult time putting them together.Why the two thread systems are similar but not quite the same is a mystery to me. My theory (being an American) is that it was invented here and the Brits couldnt stand it so they changed it just
7、slightly so they would never have to use an American made product. The rest of the Europeans (and Japan) couldnt stand using an English thread and further changed the name and called it metric. Im sure the rest of the world would say that it was the Americans that changed it and made our own standar
8、d just to be different. If we did, Im sure we had a good reason. Pipe Thread Cross Reference North American StandardThe Rest of the WorldNational Standard Pipe ThreadBritish Standard Pipe - Parallel (BSPP/BSPF)British Standard Pipe - Tapered (BSPT) Nominal Size (inches)Standard Taper Pipe ThreadDrys
9、eal Pipe ThreadTPI Germany France Japan Britain Germany France Japan Britain TPI1/16 1/16 NPT 1/16 NPTF 27 1/8 1/8 NPT1/8 NPTF 27G 1/8 G 1/8 PF 1/8 R 1/8 TrR 1/8 keg G 1/8 co PT 1/8 R 1/8 28 1/4 1/4 NPT 1/4 NPTF 18 G 1/4 G 1/4 PF 1/4 R 1/4 Tr R 1/4 keg G 1/4 co PT 1/4 R 1/4 19 3/8 3/8 NPT 3/8 NPTF 1
10、8 G 3/8 G 3/8 PF 3/8 R 3/8 Tr R 3/8 keg G 3/8 co PT 3/8R 3/8 19 1/2 1/2 NPT 1/2 NPTF 14 G 1/2 G 1/2 PF 1/2 R 1/2 Tr R 1/2 kegG 1/2 co PT 1/2 R 1/2 14 5/8 G 5/8 G 5/8 PF 5/8 R 5/8 Tr R 5/8 keg G 5/8 co PT 5/8 R 5/8 14 3/4 3/4 NPT 3/4 NPTF 14G 3/4 G 3/4PF 3/4R 3/4 Tr R 3/4 keg G 3/4 co PT 3/4 R 3/4 14
11、 7/8 G 7/8 G 7/8 PF 7/8 R 7/8 Tr R 7/8 keg G 7/8 co PT 7/8 R 7/8 14 1 1 NPT 1 NPTF11.5G 1G 1 PF 1 R 1 TrR 1 kegG 1 co PT 1 R 1 111 1/4 1 1/4 NPT1 1/4 NPTF 11.5 G 1 1/4 G 1 1/4 PF 1 1/4 R 1 1/4 Tr R 1 1/4 kegG 1 1/4 co PT 1 1/4 R 1 1/4111 1/2 1 1/2 NPT 1 1/2 NPTF11.5G 1 1/2 G 1 1/2 PF 1 1/2 R 1 1/2 T
12、r R 1 1/2 keg G 1 1/2 co PT 1 1/2 R 1 1/2 1122 NPT 2 NPTF 11.5 G 2 G 2PF 2 R 2 Tr R 2 keg G 2 coPT 2R 2 11 2 1/2 2 1/2 NPT 2 1/2 NPTF 8 Pipe and Tubing SizesPipe is identified by its nominal size. Originally, the OD of pipe was defined by its ID. Given a wall thickness suitable to holding the requir
13、ed pressure (using the materials at the time) the OD was determined. With the advent of modern steels, the OD has remained constant and the ID has increased. Different wall thicknesses are now available to handle different pressures. They are defined by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and a
14、re designated as the Schedule number. Schedules 20, 40, 80, and 160 defined but the most common are Schedules 40 and 80.Tubing is designated by its OD. A 1/2“ tube ha a 1/2“ outside diameter. Its inside diameter is something less. Hose on the other hand is designated by its ID. A 1/2“ hose has a 1/2
15、“ inside diameter. It is common practice when plumbing systems with hose, pipe, and tubing to use tubing the next nominal size up from the hose. Hose and pipe are typically plumbed at the same nominal size. Even though most Schedule 40 and 80 pipe has a larger ID, it is also rougher and the increase
16、d diameter allows for the increased friction. Conductor Size Comparison All Dims in Inches(1)Pipe Steel Tubing(2)Nylon Tubing(3)Hose(4)Nominal SizeSch 40 IDSch. 80 IDODIDODIDODIDOD1/8 .269.215.405.069.125.085.125.125 1/4.364.302.540.194.250.125.250.250.531 3/8.493.423.675.319.375.275.375.375.656 1/2.622.546.840.430.500.375.500.500.875 3/4.824.7421.050.620.750.750.7501.276 11.049.9571.315.8341.0001.0001.0001.528 1 1/4 1.3801.2171.6601.1721.2501.25
