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1、- 1 -定语从句讲解定语从句讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系副词有：when, where, why 等。一、定语从句的构成一、定语从句的构成先行词+引导词+从句如何选择引导词：根据先行词在从句中所担任的成分来选择引导词。二、定语从句的基本句式二、定语从句的基本句式 （一）先行词+ +谓语+其他（二）先行词+ + +主语+谓语+（宾语）+其他（三）先行词+ + +主语+谓语+其他+（状语）（四）先行词
2、+ whose +名词+从句（五）先行词+ of which/whom + the 名词+从句先行词+ the 名词+ of which/whom +从句（六）the way+ +主语+谓语+宾语+其他三、关系代词引导的定语从句三、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。whothatwhichas whothatwhichwhomX as whenwhere why （介词+which） thatin which x - 2 -（一）who, whom, t
3、hat这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：1.Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that 在从句中作主语）2.He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）（二）Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which/whom 互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都
4、跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。（三）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等，例如：The place I visited 3 years ago is very interesting.（which / that 在句中作宾语）四、关系副词引导的定语从句四、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ w
5、hich结构交替使用，例如： 1. There are occasions when (on which) one must give in.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。2. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 3. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？五、判断关系代词与关系副词五、判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关
6、系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.- 3 - Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
7、 （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that
8、C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例 1 D，例 2 A例 1 变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例 2 变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句 1 中，所缺部分为宾语，而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用，只有 the one 既做了
9、主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句 2 中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词 on 用的不对，所以选 A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。六、限制性和非限制性定语从句六、限制性和非限制性定语从句（一）定语从句
10、有限制性和非限制性两种。区别：限定性定语从句非限制性定语从句- 4 -1.先行词主句中的某个名词/代词主句中的某个名词/代词/整个主句2.用不用逗号不用逗号用逗号分开3.用不用 that可用 that不用 that限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，不能用 that 引导。例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last mont
11、h, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）（二）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touc
12、hing. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。4.3 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。七、介词七、介词+关系词关系词“介词 + 关系代词” 引
13、导定语从句，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有 which, - 5 -whom, whose, 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。（一） “介词 关系代词”引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选择：（1）介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配。例如： 1. The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look(on the farm) 2. In his room, we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books. （on the table） 3. Ye
14、sterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. (at the meeting) （2）介词与从句中动词是一种习惯性搭配。例如： 1. Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands？(shake hands with sb.) 2. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering. (suffe
15、r from sth.) （3）介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性的搭配。例如：1. Ours is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud (be proud of) 2. The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress. （be married to） 3. The West Lake, for which Hang Zhou is famous, is a beautiful place. （be famous for）4. This is the story in which children have been interested. (be interested in) （4）有时关系代词前用什么介
