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1、第一章第一章第一节第一节 句子基本结构、句子成分句子基本结构、句子成分Presentation. 简单句（简单句（Simple sentence）: 回忆简单句的五种基本句型课程标题课程标题句子基本结构、句子成分教学目标教学目标1.掌握句子结构的三大类型：简单句、并列句和复合句 2.掌握词性与句子成分之间的对应关系 3.了解句子结构在高中英语题型中的体现教学内容教学内容1.简单句的五种句型 2.并列句和复合句 3.词性与句子成分的对应 4.听音乐，分析歌词的句子结构 5.课堂练习课后作业课后作业1.句子结构分析 2.四篇选词填空简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型. 并列句并列句 (Compoun
2、d sentence)：什么叫并列句？学过的并列连词有哪些？定义：并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子，其结构为“简单句 +并列连词+简单句”。常见的并列连词有 and, but, or ,so, not onlybut also, neithernor, eitheror等：用横线划出下列并列的句子及并列连词：用横线划出下列并列的句子及并列连词： e.g. 再试一次吧，或许你就能赢得去意大利的免费车票。 Have another try, and maybe you will win the free tickets to Italy. 我们邻近的电影院又小又旧，但是他们
3、的却又大又现代。 （中译英） The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but theirs is big and modern. 小心，否则你会打碎那个花瓶的！（中译英） Be careful, or you will break that vase! Jack 在每门功课上都努力学习，因此他上学期获得了奖学金（scholarship） 。 （中译英）Jack worked very hard at every subject, so he gained a scholarship last term. 他不但认识她而且他们还是好朋友。
4、 （中译英） He not only knows her, but also they are good friends. Tom 既不留长发，也不穿牛仔裤。 （中译英） Tom neither has long hairs, nor does he wear jeans. 1.知识拓展：用 and、as well as、neither(nor)等并列连词连接并列句时，某些重复的成分 常被省略。 e.g. He often goes to the museum as well as (he often goes) to the concert.We must study English and
5、 they (must study) German.I dont know, nor does she (know). 不少并列连词具有对称性，这样的连词常见的有：and, not onlybut also, 利用连 词的对称性，可以由连词一边的结构推断出另一边的结构。 e.g. Unfortunately, the rear（后面，后部）of my car was heavy because the engine was there and also because there was a new weight-lifting set laid in the back seat, my ca
6、r turned completely around on the slippery road.A woman in a night dress and a borrowed（借来的） mans coat screamed when she saw me and came (come) running madly. （14 年高考一模语法填空题）. 复合句复合句 (Complex sentence)：什么叫复合句？你所学的复合句有哪些？宾语从句需要遵循什么样的时态及语序规则？1.定义：复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。 e.g. If I have time tomorrow, I
7、 will go shopping with you.I cant go to see the film because Im quite busy.The roast beef cooked by Mum seems so attractive that my mouth is watering. 2.复合句的分类：宾语从句，状语从句和定语从句。 A宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。常见的连词有：that, if/whether, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how 等。找出下列句子中的主句和从句：找出下列句子中的主句和从
8、句： e.g. 我真的不知道这座桥什么时候能竣工。 I really dont know when the bridge will be finished. 妈妈告诉那位男孩太阳是从东方升起的。The mother told the boy that the sun rises in the east. B状语从句：可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、比较、目的和让步等状语从 句，找出句子中的主句和从句：找出句子中的主句和从句： e.g. 那些日子我是如此的忙，以至于几乎没有时间去跟朋友玩。 I was so busy with my school work that I had little
9、 time to play with my friends in those days. 尽管他很年轻，但懂的却很多。 Though he is young, he knows a lot. 睡觉之前你会刷牙吗？ Do you brush your teeth before you go to bed? 除非你快点，不然你会错过火车。 You will miss the train unless you hurry up. 为了赶上第一趟公交车，我们出发的较早。 We started early in order that (so that) we could catch the first
10、bus. 我没去，因为我害怕。 I didnt go, because I am afraid. C 定语从句：由关系代词 who, that, which 引导的限制性定语从句。找出句子中的主找出句子中的主 句和从句：句和从句： e.g. 这位就是照顾 Tom 的阿姨。This is the aunt who looks after Tom.他是现在活着的最伟大的作家之一。He is one of the greatest writers who are living now. 这就是你想要的书。This is the book which you want.坐落在教堂附近的大楼是我们的学校
11、。The building which stands near the church is our school.她是在会议上唯一支持我的人。She is the only person that supports me at the meeting.词性与句子成分的对应词性与句子成分的对应主语：主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句 （当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可 由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： 指出下列句中划线部分的词性指出下列句中划线部分的词性 Durin
12、g the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English tes
13、t has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 谓语：谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语 之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are st
14、udents.表语：表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定 式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：指出下列句中划线部分的词性：指出下列句中划线部分的词性：Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one?
15、His job is to teach English. His hobby（爱好）is playing football. The machine must be out of order. Time is up. The class is over. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 宾语：宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：指出下指出下 列句中划线部分的词性：列句中划线部分的词性： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. The heavy rain p
16、revented me form coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office. 宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） ，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补） ，例如：They elected him their monitor.补足语：用来补充说明主语或宾语用的。宾补：补足语：用来补充说明主语或宾语用的。宾补：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接 宾语以外，还要有一个宾
