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1、1爱特精英爱特精英 TOEFL-iBT 阅读讲义阅读讲义(Version 090701)一、一、TOEFL-iBT 阅读的特点阅读的特点 TOEFL-iBT 阅读与旧托福阅读的五大不同 1TOEFL-iBT 阅读文章长度、题目数量、考试时间与以前托福的不同 原托福阅读考试时间为 55 分钟，共有 5 篇文章，文章长度在 350 字/篇，每 篇文章所带题目在 10 道左右，总题目数量 50 道 TOEFL-iBT 阅读篇数为 35 篇，每篇考试时间为 20 分钟，总时间为 60100 分钟，每篇文章字数在 750 字左右，每篇文章所带题目为 1214 道； 2TOEFL-iBT 阅读文章中的专业
2、词汇处理及题目定位处理的不同 a. A word in blue in a passage indicates that a definition is available for the word. Clicking on the word brings up this definition. 文章中所出现的生僻词汇和专业词汇，都由蓝色字体标出，并附有相应的定 义和解释； b. Whenever a question refers to a particular word or sentence in the passage. The word or sentence is highligh
3、ted. You do not need to search for it. Detail questions on TOEFL-iBT identify the particular paragraph in which the answer can be found, so you do not need to scan the passage in order to find the location of an answer to a detail question. 所有关于 Language Use 的问题都是对文章中某个单词，某句话或某个段落 进行发问，不再考查问题定位能力，从而
4、降低了答题难度 另一方面，新托福出题顺序与文章顺序具有一致性，可以对题目在文章中进 行大致的定位； 3TOEFL-iBT 阅读的题型变化及分值变化 新托福阅读的题型： Basic Information and Inferencing questions (11-13 questions per set) 1. Factual Information questions (3 to 6 questions per set) 事实信息题 2. Negative Factual Information questions (0 to 2 questions per set) 否定事实信息题 3.
5、Inference questions (0 to 2 questions per set) 推理题 4. Rhetorical Purpose questions (0 to 2 questions per set) 修辞目的题 5. Vocabulary questions (3 to 5 questions per set) 词汇题 6. Reference questions (0 to 2 questions per set) 指代题 7. Sentence Simplification questions (0 to 1 questions per set) 句子简化题 8. In
6、sert Text question (0 to 1 questions per set) 插入文本题 Reading to Learn questions (1 per set) 阅读领会题 9. Prose Summary 文章总结题 10. Fill in a Table 文章填表题（信息归类题） 其中，前 6 种与以前托福相同，而后 4 种则为新的题型，包括简化句子， 插句，文章总结题和文章填表题； Prose Summary 与 Fill in a Table 的分值分布如下：2Prose Summary Points PossibleAnswers CorrectPoints Ea
7、rned 32 212 Points 0-10 Fill in a Table Points PossibleAnswers CorrectPoints Earned 53 42 313 Points 0-20 74 63 52 414 Points0-30 提高了对文章内涵的理解能力和推断总结能力的考查，新托福阅读文章难 度与美国大学教科书难度相当，内容方面从广义上看包括自然科学，社会 科学，人文学三大类，又细化为美国历史人文类（包括美国历史，美国人 文） ，文学艺术类，自然科学类（主要包括自然现象、科技发明史、考古学、 天文学、地质学五个方面） ，动植物性征类，社会城市发展类五个大类别；
8、4TOEFL-iBT 阅读考试环境的不同 新托福阅读文章出现在电脑屏幕右边，相应题目出现在屏幕左边，考生可以 通过 Next Button 向前浏览所有问题，通过 Back Button 回顾前边问题，并返 回文章最开头。另外，可以通过 Review Button 在 Review Screen 看到所有问 题，还可以通过 Help Button 得到 list of topics for which helpful explanations and available； 5. TOEFL-iBT 阅读部分干扰项难度增大新托福干扰选项设置复杂度加大，难度向 SAT、GRE 靠拢，体现在干扰选
9、项增多，以及干扰性的增强上，在句子简化题 Paraphrasing 和文章总结题尤 其明显。二、二、TOEFL-iBT 阅读题型攻关阅读题型攻关1Factual Information Questions 事实信息题，也叫细节题，考查识别文章明确阐述的信息的能力。一般只 对应文章某一部分或某个段落具体的一句或两句话。细节题涉及的语言现 象主要有因果关系、比较级、类比、概念等。常见的问题形式如下： According to the paragraph, what/why/who/where/when/how? (5W1H) According to the paragraph, which on
10、e is true? The author argues that What is the reason that? Which one best describes? 例一例一1790 saw the nation entering a new era of road development. Unable to finance 3road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal inter
11、est in better communications with the interior.According to the passage, why did states need private companies help in road building?(A) The states were unable to build roads themselves financially.(B) Private companies could spend less time completing roads.(C) The states did not have as much equip
12、ment as private companies.(D) Private companies had more knowledge of the interior.例二例二 Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the constructions codes in Los
13、 Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Q: One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that (A) new computers had been installed in the buildings(B) it occurred in the resi
14、dential areas rather than on the highways(C) large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday(D) improvement had been made in the construction of building and highways例三例三 Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important tha
15、n ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. Q: The students criteria for selecting major today have much to do with _.(A) the influence of their instructors(B) the financial goals they seek in
16、life(C) their own interpretations of the courses(D) their understanding of the contributions of others例四例四 Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for a length of time will be destroyed. Therefore, organisms must be buried rapidl
