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1、【托福阅读提分】如何在托福阅读文章中找到关键词方法详解想要在托福阅读中提高速度，找到关键字是至关重要的一个部分。那么，对于备考的学 生来说，怎样才能正确的找的阅读的关键字呢?一是看逻辑信号词;二是读句子的时候一定牢 记只看主干。那么，在以下内容中我们就用一些实例为大家详细分析在托福阅读中如何准确 找到关键字。托福考试阅读部分一篇文章一般较长，所以一般是以段落为单位的。有时候可能会有学 生说我做题的时候并不会去看整段啊，或者有学生说我看懂了哎，但题目就是没做对啊!其 实我们在阅读一个段落时要学会使用方法，是什么方法可以帮助我们快速阅读呢?这就是我 们今天给大家讲的内容了，如何巧抓关键词解决托福阅
2、读题目。下面我们就以托福 TPO25 中的文章 The Decline of Venetian Shipping 为例，说说如 何巧抓关键词。TPO25-2 The Decline of Venetian Shipping：Paragraph 2 This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade. First， Venics intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the
3、business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. In the fifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)： guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens serve
4、d compulsorily when called for. In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and great
5、er problem， despite continuous appeal to Venics tradition of maritime greatness. Even though sailors wages doubled among the northern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590， this did not elicit an increased supply.以上算得上是托福阅读中较长的段落了，在快速阅读这个段落的时候我们要找的关键词 是：逻辑信号词如段落中所标示的 first， but， this 我们不难发现这些信号词所在的句子基本都是
6、解题的信息点。那么在做题定位时不妨多 加留意。当然，抓住这些关键词并不难，难在理解。接下来我们就来看看理解这些句子时的关键词。每段话的首句是必定要读的。This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade。这是包含了一个定语从句的复杂句。先看到核心词 changes，再看到 Venetian shipping and trade。这篇文章接下来具体要写的内容就展露无遗，也就是威尼斯船业和贸易的变迁。First，这当然是开始写 shipping 的标志了。Venices
7、intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. 我们一直强调句子要读主干，那么简单地看这个句子就是 Venices functions were lost， 核心词很显然是 lost，也对应了整篇文章的主题 decline. 接下来两句写到了 15 和 16 世纪遇到的船员难招的问题。there was little problem recruiting sailo
8、rs to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)： guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. 这句话中有冒号的出现，阅读冒号之前的内容 there was little problem;到下一句：the shortage of rowers was not serious because the d
9、emand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer rowers. 这句中要看到的核心是 not serious;再往后看到 But.to be a greater and greater problem. 到这里意思应该已经一目了然了，就是讲威尼斯船业在招聘船员方面所遭遇的变迁：little problemnot serious greater problem.刚才我们讲了文章阅读部分要抓关键词，其实我们在阅
10、读题目和选项时也是需要寻找关 键词的。有些题目的选项是比较长的，四个选项看上去也差不多一段话了，所以一定要抓住 关键词判断才行，如否定词、比较词和并列词。这些是快速浏览选项的第一步。再次也要看 到题干和每个选项中能让我们快速定位到原文的关键词。我们还是以托福 TPO25 为例：TPO25-1 The Surface of MarsParagraph 5 As on the Moon， the extent of large impact cratering (i.e. craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they we
11、re formed) serves as an age indicator for the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Marss southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。According to paragraph 5， what have scientists been able to determine from
12、 studies of large impact cratering on Mars?A. Some Martian volcanoes are much older than was once thought。B. The age of Marss surface can vary from area to area。C. Large impact craters are not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity。D. Some areas of the Martian surface appear
13、 to be older than they actually are。划出选项中的关键词后，定位到原文迅速浏览发现原文中并无如 A 和 D 选项中的比较， C 中的否定词 not 和原文是明显相矛盾的，故而选择 B，而 B 选项对应的恰好是本段末句：Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Marss southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。根据以上分析，我们应该明白在阅读之时何为关键词。简单地讲有定位关键词和判断关 键词。定位关键词包括题干及选项中的名词，还有就是段落中那些一直向你示好的逻辑信号 词了，不要忘记用它们找到你解题需要的信息。判断关键词是选项中那些有特色的词汇，包 括否定词，比较词或者是句子主干中的动词等，根据这些词和原文进行对应，至少有一半的 选项可以迅速被排除。托福阅读考试中，不管是文章还是题目都可以采用这种方法，巧抓关键词。经过上面的 介绍，同学们应该都了解这种方法了吧!了解只是第一步，关键还是要会运用，所以同学们 在进行托福备考时要做大量的关键词练习。熟能生巧，在考试时就可以快速找到句子的主干， 理解文章选对题目。
