《初中英语语法讲解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中英语语法讲解（35页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、初中英语语法讲解初中英语语法讲解初中英语时态总结动词的时态 英语共有 16 种时态根据近几年曝光的四六级考卷分析时态测试重点主要有完成时态现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时进行时态现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时完成进行时一般时态 一一般时态 1 一般现在时 1 一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态常和副词 usuallyoftenalways sometimes regularlynearoccasionallyevery year every week 等连用例如 1 The moon moves round the earth 2 Mr Smith trav
2、els to work by bus every day 2 在由 afteruntilbeforeoncewheneven ifin caseas long asas soon asthe moment 以及 ifunless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时代替将来时例如 1 I will tell him the news as soon as I see him 2 I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow 3 某些表示起始的动词可用一般现在时表示按规定计划或安排要发生的动作这类动词有 begocomesta
3、rtdepartarrivebeginleave 等例如 1 The plane leaves at three sharp 2 The new teachers arrive tomorrow 4 在由 whywhatwherewhoeverwhothatas 等引导的从句中也常用一般现在时代替将来时例如 1 Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first 2 Youll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow2 一般过去时 1 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的可完成的动作或状态常与表示确切
4、过去时间的词短语或从句连用例如 We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film 2 表示过去习惯性动作例如 1 He always went to class last 2 I used to do my homework in the library 注意与 be used to doing 短语的区别 3 一般将来时 1 表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态例如 I shall graduate next year 2 几种替代形式 1 be going to v 在口语中广泛使用表示准备做或将发生的事
5、情例如 Im going to buy a house when weve saved enough money 2 be to v 表示计划安排要做的事具有必要的强制性意义例如 I am to play tennis this afternoon 3 be about to v 表示即将发生的事情例如 He was about to start 4 be due to v 表示预先确定了的事必定发生的事例如 The train is due to depart in ten minutes 5 be on the pointverge of v ing 强调即将发生的某种事态例如 The b
6、aby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home 二进行时态 1 现在进行时 1 表示现在正在进行的动作常与 nowright nowat the motherfor the time beingfor the present 等连用例如 Dont disturb her She is reading a newspaper now 2 表示现阶段经常发生的动作常与 alwayscontinuallyforeverconstantly 等连用例如 My father is forever criticizing m
7、e 3 表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词常用的有 gocomeleavestartarrivereturn 等例如 They are leaving for Hong Kong next month 4 有些动词不能用进行时这是一类表示感觉感情存在从属等的动词如seehearsmelltastefeelnoticelookappear 表示感觉的词 hatelovefearlikewantwishpreferrefuseforgive 表示感情的动词 beexistremainstayobtain
8、表示存在状态的动词 havepossessowncontainbelongconsist ofform 表示占有与从属的动词 understandknowbelievethinkdoubtforgetremember 表示思考理解的动词 但是如果它们词义改变便也可用进行时态例如 1 Tom looks pale Whats wrong with him look 在此为联系动词意为显得看上去 2 Tom is looking for his books look 在此为实义动词意为寻找 2 过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后另一个过去的动作正在进行或表示过去反复的习惯常与
9、alwayscontinuallyconstantly 等动词连用例如 1 We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered 2 Whenever I visited him he was always writing at the desk 3 将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作或表示要在将来某一时刻开始并继续下去的动作常用来表示礼貌的询问请求等例如 1 This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema 2 What will you be doi
10、ng at six tomorrow evening 4 完成进行时 现在过去将来 完成进行时是 现在过去将来 完成时的强调形式将放在完成时态部分讲述 三完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作它可分为 1 现在完成时 1 现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的刚刚完成的动作 常与yetalreadyjust 连用 或者过去某一时刻发生的持续到现在的情况 常与forsince 连用 例如 1 I have just finished my homework 2 Mary has been ill for three days 2 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有 since for duri
11、ng over 等引导出的短语副词 already yet just ever now before often lately recently 等状语词组this week morning month year so far up to now many times up to the present 等例如 1 I havent been there for five years 2 So far she hasnt enjoyed the summer vacation 3 There have been a lot of changes since 19783 完成时态可用在下列结构中
12、 This That It is was the first second time 定语从句 This That It is was the only last n 定语从句 This That It is was 形容词最高级 n 定语从句如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时例如 1 This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting 2 There was a knock at the door It
13、 was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening 2 过去完成时 1 表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况这个过去的时间可以用 bybefore等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成例如 1 We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in 2 By the end of last year they had turned out 5 000 bicycles 2 动词 expect hope mean intend plan suppos
14、e wish want desire 等用过去完成时表示过去的希望预期意图或愿望等没有实现例如 I had meant to take a good holiday this year but I wasnt able to get away 另外两种表示过去想做而未做的事的表达方式是 1 was were to have done sth 例如 We were to have come yesterday but we couldnt 2 intended expected hope meant planned supposed wished wanted desired to have d
15、one sth 例如 I meant to have told you about it but I forgot to do so 3 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型 1 hardly scarcely barely 过去完成时 when 过去时例如 Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move 2 no sooner 过去完成时 than 过去时例如 No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me 3 by the end of 过去时间主句中谓语动词用过去完成时例如 The exper
16、iment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon 3 将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作也可以用来表示一种猜测常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有 by the time the end of 表示将来时间的短语和句子 before the end of 表示将来时间的词语或句子 when after 等加上表示将来动作的句子等例如 1 By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai 2 I shall have finished this composition before 9 oclock 3 When we get on the railway station the train will probably have left 4 完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的强调形式有现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时 1 现在完
