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1、1.Logic1.Logic there exist for all pq p implies q / if p, then q pq p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent 2.Sets2.Sets xA x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A xA x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A AB A is contained in B / A is a
2、 subset of B AB A contains B / B is a subset of A AB A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B AB A cup B / A join B / A union B AB A minus B / the diference between A and B AB A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B 3.3. RealReal numbersnumbers x+1 x plus one x-1 x minus one x1 x plus or minus one
3、 xy xy / x multiplied by y (x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y x/y x over y = the equals sign x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x5 x (is) not equal to 5 xy x is equivalent to (or identical with) y x/y（x 不等于 y)x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y x y x is greater than y xy x is greater than o
4、r equal to y x y x is less than y xy x is less than or equal to y 0 x 1 zero is less than x is less than 1 0x1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 | x | mod x / modulus x x 2 (x 的平方）x squared / x (raised) to the power 2 x 3 x cubed x 4 x to the fourth / x to the power four x n
5、 x to the nth / x to the power n x n x to the (power) minus n x 的（算术）平方根(square) root x / the square root of x x 的立方根cube root (of) x x 的 4 次方根 fourth root (of) x x 的 n 次方根nth root (of) x ( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared ( x/y ) 2 x over y all squared n! n factorial x x hat x x bar x x tilde x i xi /
6、x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4.Linear4.Linear AlgebraAlgebra x the norm (or modulus) of x OA OA / vector OA OA OA / the length of the segment OA A T （转置）A transpose / the transpose of A A 1 （逆）A inverse /
7、 the inverse of A 5.5. FunctionsFunctions f( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of x f:ST a function f from S to T xy x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y f( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x f( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative o
8、f f with respect to x f( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x f (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x f / x 1 （f 对 x1 的偏导）the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 2 f / x 1 2 (f 对 x1 再对 x2 的 2 阶偏导）the second partial (d
9、erivative) of f with respect to x1 0 （积分 0 到）the integral from zero to infinity lim x0 the limit as x approaches zero lim x 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from above lim x 0 the limit as x approaches zero from below log e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y lny lo
10、g y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y ? 各种数学语言的英语翻译各种数学语言的英语翻译数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理 axiom 定理 theorem 计算 calculation 运算 operation 证明 prove 假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) 命题 proposition 算术 arithmetic 加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加数 augend, summand
11、加数 addend 和 sum 减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数 minuend 减数 subtrahend 差 remainder 乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数 multiplicand, faciend 乘数 multiplicator 积 product 除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数 dividend 除数 divisor 商 quotient 等于 equals, is equ
12、al to, is equivalent to 大于 is greater than 小于 is lesser than 大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 运算符 operator 平均数 mean 算术平均数 arithmatic mean 几何平均数 geometric mean n 个数之积的 n 次方根 倒数（reciprocal） x 的倒数为 1/x 有理数 rational number 无理数 irrational number 实数 real number 虚数 imaginary numbe
13、r 数字 digit 数 number 自然数 natural number 整数 integer 小数 decimal 小数点 decimal point 分数 fraction 分子 numerator 分母 denominator 比 ratio 正 positive 负 negative 零 null, zero, nought, nil 十进制 decimal system 二进制 binary system 十六进制 hexadecimal system 权 weight, significance 进位 carry 截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round 下舍入 rou
14、nd down 上舍入 round up 有效数字 significant digit 无效数字 insignificant digit 代数 algebra 公式 formula, formulae(pl.) 单项式 monomial 多项式 polynomial, multinomial 系数 coefficient 未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式 equation 一次方程 simple equation 二次方程 quadratic equation 三次方程 cubic equation 四次方程 quartic eq
15、uation 不等式 inequation 阶乘 factorial 对数 logarithm 指数，幂 exponent 乘方 power 二次方，平方 square 三次方，立方 cube 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n 次方 the power of n, the nth power 开方 evolution, extraction 二次方根，平方根 square root 三次方根，立方根 cube root 四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n 次方根 the root of n, the nth root sqrt(2)=1.414 sqrt(3)=1.732 sqrt(5)=2.236 常量 constant 变量 variable 坐标系 coordinates 坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标 x-coordinate 纵坐标 y-coordinate 原点 origin 象限 quadrant 截距(有正负之分)intercede (方程的）解 solution 几何 geometry 点 point 线 line 面 plane 体 solid
