《中考速递》宾语从句

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1、宾语从句与定语从句 第 1 页 共 7 页宾语从句、定语从句宾语从句、定语从句一、一、 河南中考英语说明河南中考英语说明考查点考查点 1宾语从句宾语从句 2定语从句定语从句 二、二、05- 11 考点统计（按照分值排序）考点统计（按照分值排序）考查点考查次数和分值宾语从句5 次/ 5 分定语从句4 次/4 分三、考点分析和三、考点分析和 2011 年中考预测年中考预测 宾语从句和定语从句都是每年河南中考必考的项目，但考查的深度并不深。所以，这两个项目并不 是河南中考的拉分项目。考生只要熟记本章所列举的知识点，基本上便稳拿此部分的分数。 可以预测，2011 年中考这两个语法项目会考查 2 分。

2、四、四、2011 年中考锁定年中考锁定 考点一：宾语从句考点一：宾语从句 当一个从句作了动词或介词的宾语时，该从句就是宾语从句。宾语从句要有一个引导词来连接。 1.宾语从句的转化和对应的引导词 1)当宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，引导词用 that, 在句中可以省去。He is a student. I dont know (that) he is a student.他是一个学生。 我不知道他是一个学生。 提醒：提醒：当主句的谓语动词是 think, suppose, believe, expect, imagine 时，如果主句的主语是 I / we，而宾语 从句要表示否定意思，那么要通过否定

3、主句的谓语来实现，即：否定转移。如： I dont think he will come. 我认为他不会来。 I dont suppose he will win the game. 如果主语不是第一人称：She thinks her answer is right. She thinks her answer isnt right. 2) 由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，要用引导词 whether 或 if，连接词不能省。Will he come here? Im not sure if (whether) he will come here.他什么时间来？ 我不确定他什么时间来。 提醒：提

4、醒：whether, if 引导宾语从句时的区别： 介词后的宾语从句用 whether。Im not interested in whether the singer will come tomorrow.我没有兴趣知道这个歌手明天是否会来。Were talking about whether the plan is good for us.宾语从句中有 or not 时，只能用 whether。The teacher wants to know whether we did our homework or not.这个老师想知道我们是否做完了家庭作业。(3)whether 引导的宾语从句有时

5、可以转化为“whetherto do”结构，if 则不可以。如：I dont know whether I will leave this school next term.I dont know whether to leave this school next term.我不知道明年是否要离开这个学校。（4）在 discuss 之后：did you discuss whether you will have a picnic? (5)if 可以引导否定的宾语从句。如：Mr. Green asked her son if he hadnt told her the truth. 3)由特殊疑

6、问句转化而来的宾语从句，要用特殊疑问词作为句子的连接词，连接词不能省。When are you going to leave? I dont know when you are going to leave.你什么时间离开？ 我不知道你什么时间离开。宾语从句与定语从句 第 2 页 共 7 页提醒：宾语从句的几个应注意的问题提醒：宾语从句的几个应注意的问题 1)1) 宾语从句跟所有的从句一样，必须用陈述结构宾语从句跟所有的从句一样，必须用陈述结构(见陈述句见陈述句) 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句都要使用陈述语序，即：“引导词+主语+谓语+其他” 。 如： When did the trai

7、n leave? I want to know. I want to know when the train left. Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? Do you know if / whether the shop classes at six every day? 如果是由 do, does, did 构成的疑问句，在转换为宾语从句时，要去掉 do, does, did。从句中的谓语 动词要根据主句时态做出相应变化。 Do they often play basketball? He asked. He asked

8、if they often played basketball. What time did she get up? The young man asked. The young man asked what time she got up. Does he sing well? The music teacher asked him. The music teacher asked him if / whether he sang well. 如果是 will, be, have, can 组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，需把 will, be, have, can 返回到句中 原来的谓语位

9、置上，并根据主句时态作相应变化。 Will you be free tomorrow? She asked me. She asked me if / whether I would be free tomorrow. Has she seen the movie yet？I want to know. I want to know if / whether she has seen the movie yet. Can he skate? She asked. She asked if / whether he could skate. 2)宾语从句的代词根据语境要和主句的人称照应 “Are

10、 you a student?” She asked me. She asked me if I was a student. “你是个学生吗？”她问我。 她问我是否是个学生。 3)宾语从句的时态要跟主句的时态照应。 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句的时态不受限制，可以根据实际表达的 需要来确定。 I have been there twice. Tom said he had been there twice.我已经来过两次了。 Tom 说他已经来过两次了。He will tell us that he has been able to look after himsel

11、f. Tell him when we will start.如果主句是过去时，宾语从句应与主句保持一致，即使用过去时态的某种形式。如： He said that he was born in Wuhan in 1985. They said that they had already finished the work. 如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、格言、科学真理时，从句时态不受主句限制。用一般现在 时。如： Everyone knew there are sixty minutes in an hour. She said that two heads are better than

12、one. He said that light travels faster than sound. could you do.?是一个委婉的语气词，不表示过去，后边的时态不要求时态的照应。 Could you tell me who is coming? 你能告诉我谁要来吗？ 4)由疑问句转化而来的宾语从句主句的谓语动词多是表示对从句内容不确定的动词，如：ask, want to 宾语从句与定语从句 第 3 页 共 7 页know, wonder, not sure 等,遇到词类动词后边的连词是不能用 that 的，如： ( ) I want to know _he is a student

13、. （答案：B） A. that B. whether C. what 解析：解析：题意为“我想知道他是否是个学生。 ”连接词 that 指的是“确定的，已知的事实”，if 为“是否”，what 为“什么”。当考查宾语从句连接词的时候，只需要一次带入，能翻译通顺即可。 拓展拓展 1：( ) The plane hasnt arrived yet. Could you tell me _? （答案：A） A. why the plane is late B. how is the plane late C. When will the plane arrive D. that the plane

14、 arrives. 解析：解析：四个选项在句子中都充当宾语成分，可确定考查点为宾语从句。B、C 选项中句子语序都不是陈述 语序，所以排除。D 中连接词 that 表“确定的，已知的事实”不符合语境。题意为“飞机还没有到达。 你能告诉我飞机为什么晚点吗？” 拓展拓展 2：( ) Why did Miss Wang look so worried when we saw her? Because she wondered_. A. where did the other students go B. when would the policeman come C. what her student

15、s have done during the trip D. if her students had survived the earthquake. 解析：解析：题意为“为什么我们刚才见到王小姐时，她看起来很焦急？”“因为她很怀疑她的学生是否在地震中 生存了下来。 ”A、B 选项中语序均不是陈述语序，直接排除。C 中的时态不符合题意，如果改成 “what her students had done”即可。 （答案：D）考点二：定语从句考点二：定语从句 一、修饰一个名词或代词的从句就是定语从句，定语从句要放到所修饰的先行词后边。被定语从句修饰 的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词、关系副词。 关系代词人/物主语宾语定语人who / thatwho / whom / that / 省略Whose物which / thatwhich / that / 省略whose关系副