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1、港口国监督检查问答港口国监督检查问答InterlocutionInterlocution inin thethe PortPort StateState ControlControl第一章第一章 定义和常用缩略语定义和常用缩略语一一 定义定义1. Clear grounds: Evidence that the ship, its equipment, or its crew does not correspond substantially with the requirements of the relevant conventions or that the master or crew
2、members are not familiar with essential shipboard procedures relating to the safety of ships or the prevention of pollution.明显依据：船舶及其设备或其船员实质上不符合有关公约的要求的证据，或船长或船员不熟悉有关船舶安全或防止污染的船上基本程序的证据。2. Deficiency: A condition found not to be in compliance with the requirements of the relevant convention.缺陷：发现的不
3、符合有关公约要求的一种状况。3. Detention: Intervention action taken by the port State when the condition of the ship or its crew does not correspond substantially with the applicable conventions to ensure that the ship will not sail until it can proceed to sea without presenting a danger to the ship or persons on
4、 board, or without presenting an unreasonable threat of harm to the marine environment.滞留：当船舶或船员实质上不符合适用公约要求时，港口国为保证该船舶只有在不会对船舶或船上人员构成危险或不会对海上环境造成损害威胁时方可开航所采取的干涉行动。4. Inspection: A visit on board a ship to check both the validity of the relevant certificates and documents, and the overall condition
5、of the ship, its equipment, and its crew.检查：登船查验有关证书、文件的有效性和船舶及其设备的总体情况。5. More detailed inspection: An inspection conducted when there are clear grounds for believing that the condition of the ship, its equipment, or its crew does not correspond substantially with the particulars of the certificate
6、s.详细检查：当有明显依据相信船舶条件、船舶设备或船员实质上不符合证书项目时所进行的检查。6. Port State Control Officer (PSCO): A person duly authorized by the competent authority of a Party to a relevant convention to carry out port State control inspections, and responsible exclusively to that Party.港口国监督检查官（以下简称检查官）：经有关公约缔约国的主管机关正式授权执行港口国监督
7、检查，并只对缔约国负责的人员。7. Stoppage of an operation: Formal prohibition against a ship to continue an operation due to identified deficiencies, which singly or together, render the continuation of such operation hazardous.停止作业：由于船舶具有一个或几个被识别的缺陷会使船舶继续进行某些操作产生危险，而对继续进行此项作业的正式禁止。8. Substandard ship: A ship whos
8、e hull, machinery, equipment, or operational safety is substantially below the standards required by the relevant convention or whose crew is not in conformance with the safe manning document.低于标准船：船体、机器、设备或操作安全方面实质上低于有关公约要求的标准或者实际配员不符合安全配员档的船舶。9. Valid certificates: A certificate that has been issu
9、ed directly by a Party to a relevant convention or on its behalf by a recognized organization and contains accurate and effective dates; meets the provisions of the relevant convention; and, with which the particulars of the ship, its crew and its equipment correspond.有效证书：由有关公约的一个缔约国直接签发的，或由缔约国认可的机
10、构代表该缔约国签发的，包括准确和有效地日期，符合有关公约规定并载明船舶、船员和设备细目的证书。二二 常用缩略语常用缩略语10. Abbreviations英文缩写DOC Document of Compliance符合证明SMC Safety Management Certificate安全管理证书SMS Safety Management System安全管理体系ILL International Load Line国际载重线IOPP International Oil Pollution Prevention国际防止油污OPA 90 Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (U
11、SA)1990 年油污法（美国）AIS Automatic Identification System自动识别系统IGS Inert Gas System惰性气体系统MOU Memorandum of Understanding 备忘录SOP Standard Operating Procedure标准操作程序SOPEP Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan船上油污应急计划VDR Voyage Data Recorder航行数据记录仪GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System全球海上遇险与安全系统三三
12、 缺陷代码及纠正条款说明缺陷代码及纠正条款说明11. Action Codes 行动代码10 deficiency rectified缺陷已纠正15 rectify deficiency at next port缺陷在下一港纠正16 rectify deficiency within 14 days缺陷在 14 天内纠正17 master instructed to rectify deficiency before departure通知船长在开航前纠正缺陷18 rectify non-conformity within 3 months在 3 个月内纠正不符合项19 rectify maj
13、or non-conformity before departure在开航前纠正严重不符合项30 detainable deficiency可滞留的缺陷35 detention raised解除滞留36 ship allowed to sail after follow-up detention在跟踪滞留的前提下准予开航40 next port informed通知下一港45 next port informed to re-detain通知下一港再次滞留50 flag State/consul informed通知船旗国/领事机构55 flag State consulted咨询船旗国60
14、region State informed通知地区国70 classification society informed通知船级社80 temporary substitution of equipment临时替代设备85 investigation of contravention of discharge provisions (MARPOL)调查违规排放（MARPOL）95 letter of warning issued签发警告信96 letter of warning withdrawn收回警告信99 other (specify in clear text)其它（详细说明）注：这里
15、引用的是东京备忘录的行动代码，其它备忘录的情况大同小异。第二章第二章 港口国监督检查概述港口国监督检查概述12 General概要Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports for the purpose of verifying that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international conventions and that the ship is
16、manned and operated in compliance with applicable international laws. The primary responsibility for ensuring that a ship maintains a standard at least equivalent to that specified in international conventions rests with the flag State and if all flag State performed their duties satisfactorily there would be no need for port State control. Unfortunately this is not the case as evidenced by the many marine accidents around the world hence the need for additional contr
