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1、阅读综合辅导 SAMPLE 1 经济学类 题目序号 题型归类 第 1 题 中心主旨题型 第 2 题 反推题型 第 3 题 关键词语题型 第 4 题 反论题型 第 5 题 关键词语题型 Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities ? as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal r
2、easons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal
3、contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minorit
4、y enterprises. Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the ear
5、ly 1980?s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are
6、 small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed
7、expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company?s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the busi
8、ness will suffer. A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises c
9、an team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have A Annoyed by the proliferation of ?front? organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future. B Althoug
10、h corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970?s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts. C The significant response of corporations in the 1970?s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increas
11、ed throughout the 1980?s. D Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970?s made substantial response impossible. 答案与考点解析 1. 【答案】B 【考点解析】本题是一道中心主旨题。破解本题的关键在于考生是否完全理 解本文第一段首句的内容尤其是第一句中破折号后面的内容。破折号后面 的内容和选项 B 中的 ?its potential drawbacks?
12、是相互吻合的。望考生注意培 养捕捉全文中心主旨句的能力。 2. 【答案】A 【考点解析】这是一道逻辑思维上的反推题也可以说是逆向思维题。本题 反推即逆向思维的信息依据在第三段的最后一句。该句在谈论小的企业大 概内容是“一个小企业的投资要马上在定货中反映出效果否则其士气 和财政前景都将深受影响” 。 根据小的企业的状况我们可以推导出大的企业 所面临的处境。希望考生加强逆向思维即反推的解题能力。 3. 【答案】B 【考点解析】本题是一道关键词语的理解题目其答案信息来源在第一段的 尾句原文当中的 ?specific?一词是本题的答案所在。考生要加强对原文中重 点形容词和副词的理解。 4. 【答案】D
13、 【考点解析】这是一道反论题。这种题的关键在于利用原文的信息否定原文 所要表达的观点。原文讲“少数民族企业签订的合同金额由 1972 年的 7700 万美元升至 1977 年的 11 亿美元” 。原文所要表达的观点是合同金额的增长。 选项 D 正是利用原文的信息否定了原文所要表达的观点。 选项 D 所表达的信 息是变化增长数字背后的不变。 这种题属于较难的题型希望考生加以重视。 5. 【答案】C 【考点解析】这是一道关键词语理解题。本题的答案信息在第二段的尾句 句中 ?letup?一词决定了本题的正确答案是 C因为该词的含义是“停顿减 弱” 。考生在备考过程中要尽力扩大自己的词汇量。 ? re
14、ptiles or birds ? are among the questions scientists have puzzled over. Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds
15、. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharpclaws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, t
16、he three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal?s body. The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to
