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1、语法复习专题（9）非谓语动词一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能语 法 功 能 名称主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词 2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题 （1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。His job is to guard.(说明内容) be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事) （2）带不定式作宾语的词语。 下列词语常不定式作宾语： afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forg et
2、、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire 等。 下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式： teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss 等。 （3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。 动词 see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have 等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加 to, 此时的不定式就是主语补足语。 常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况： 主语 + ask / r
3、equire / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth. 主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/ consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done 主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth. （4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。 下列词语后常接不定式作定语： chance、wish、right、courage、ne
4、ed、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only 等。 不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 There is no one to look after her. 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。 She is now looking for a room to live in. （5）不定式作状语的用法。 不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do 表示出人意 料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find
5、 none there . in order(not)to,so as(not)to 用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so as to do, such + 名词 as to do 作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. Im not such a fool as to believe that. （6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。 表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。 The novel was said to have been published. I regret
6、to have been with you for so many years. seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported 等动词常用于上面句型。 此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed 后也接完成时，但要注 意与一般时的区别。 Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。 （说话时还未等） Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起
7、，让你久等了。 （说话时已等了很久） 不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。 （A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。 （B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时， 表示该做某事或想做但未实现。 （C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。 （7）不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由 and 或 or 连接。 I want to finish my homework
8、 and go home. Im really puzzled what to think or say. 特例：To be or not to be,this is a question. He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比) 不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有 do 时，后面的 to 省略。 What he did was lose the game. 句中含有动词 do 时，but、except、besides、such as 等后面 to 可省略。即“前有 do, 后省 to” 。 Dont do anything silly, such
9、as marry him. 主句含有不定式，后面有 rather than, rather than 后省 to。Why not、had better、would rather、cant but 等词后省 to。如： He could not but walk home. （8）不定式的替代。 多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再 次出现时，to 后的内容常承前省略（只保留 to 即可） 。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用 的 have 或 be 任何形式，后应该保留原形 be 或 have。如： Susan is not what she used to
10、be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have. 常见的有：Id like / love / be happy to. 3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题 （1）动名词作宾语。 下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, app
11、reciate, eacape, permit。 下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。 介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at 等介词 后接动名词。注意 on / upon doing sth. = as soo
12、n as 引导的从中。作此意讲时 on / upon 后也 可以接名词。如 on his arrival。 动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别： begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand例 句解 析1. It began to rain. It began raining.2. It was beginning to snow.3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.4. I like listening to music, but today I dont lik
13、e to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try例 句解 析1. I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it. No
14、w here it is.3. I regret not having working hard.I regret to hear of your sisters death. 4. Try knocking at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.5. That will mean flooding some land.I had meant to go on Monday.1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事2. forget to do sth.忘记
15、要做的事forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4. try to do sth.设法，试图try doing sth.试试看，试一试5. mean to do sth.打算做，想要mean doing sth.意味着，就是want, require, need例 句解 析These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.The patient required examinedThe patient require
16、d to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做need to be done 需要被做2. want doingwant to be done3. require doingrequire to be done4、分词复习应注意的几个问题 （1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 时间状语（分词作状语前面可加 when, while 等） Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy. Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her. 原因状语Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note 伴随状语 The girls came
