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1、专题十三 倒装句英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。一、全部倒装全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首， 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.铃响了。2表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词。In came the teacher.老师进来了。注意：上述全部倒装的句型的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装
2、。Here he comes. 他来了。3表地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时用全部倒装。On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。二、部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。常见的情况有：1带有否定意义的词或短语放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有： not, never, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at no time, not only, not once, under no co
3、ndition, hardly. when, no sooner. than., not until.等。Neither will theory do without practice，nor will practice do without theory.理论离不开实践，实践也离不开理论。Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.他不仅拒收了礼品，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。注意：当 not until 引出主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。The mother didnt leave the
4、room until the child fell asleep. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。只有当 not only. but also 连接两个分句时，才在第 1 个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only.but also 仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of music.我和你都喜欢音乐。2表示“也；也不” 的 so, neither, nor 放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.Tom 会说法语，Jack 也会。If you wont go, nei
5、ther will I如果你不去，我也不去。注意：当 so 引出的句子用于对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构，意为“的确如此”。Its raining hard. 雨下得很大。So it is.的确很大。3only 放在句首，强调状语(副词，介词短语或状语从句等)，全句语序要部分倒装。Only in this way can you work out the problem.只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常严重时
6、才会卧床休息。三、as, though 引导的倒装句as / though 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词， 副词， 分词， 实义动词提前)。此时应注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词；2) 句首是实义动词， 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Hero as he is，he still has shortcomings.尽管他是一个英雄，但是他也有缺点。Much as I like it，Ill not buy it.尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。四、其他部分倒装 1so / such.that 句型中的 so 位于句首时，需倒装。So fr
7、ightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.他害怕得动都不敢动。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。2在某些表示祝愿的句型中。May you all be happy.望大家开心愉快。3在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有 were, had, should 等词时，可将 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.如果我是你，我就
8、再试一次。高考试题每年都要涉及句法知识，特殊句式已经成为高考的热点，倒装句每年都有涉及。而对于倒装句式的考查，命题人越来越重视，他们加大了对句子结构和知识面的考查，同时注重考查知识之间的交叉以及句式的变化，例如倒装句中否定副词位于句首；as 引导让步状语从句的倒装。高考真题探究（20062011 年）【2011 全国卷 I 28】Only when he reached the tea-house _it was the same place hed been in last year. A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. di
9、d he realize【答案】D【考点】本题考察倒装句。【解析】Only 引导的状语从句位于句首，应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。【2011 福建卷 29】Its nice. Never before_ such a special drink!Im glad you like it. A.I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I【答案】C【考点】考查时态及倒装。【解析】never 是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时，故选 C 项。【2011 湖南卷 32】Only after
10、 they had discussed the matter for a few hours _a decision A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach【答案】B【考点】本题考察 only 前置的倒装句。【解析】Only 引导状语从句前置，主句主谓要部分倒装。又因为从前文中的“had discussed“判断出是过去时间，故选 B；句意：只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。10 江苏Is everyone here? Not yetLook , there_ the rest of o
11、ur guests!A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming答案A考点倒装句解析谓语动词根据后面的主语10 四川If you have a job, yourself to it and finally youll succeed. A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting答案A考点考查谓语动词的强调及 “祈使句+and+将来时句子”的固定搭配。解析此处应是祈使句, 又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词 do, 故选 A。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作, 付出努力去做它, 最后你定能成功
12、。 ”10 四川We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work. A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think 答案D考点考查倒装。解析seldom 为否定副词放句首, 用部分倒装, 故选 D。句意为 “我们因笑话而笑, 但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。 ”10陕西John opened the door . There _ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stan
13、d D. stood a girl答案D考点考查特殊句式。解析Here, There, Thus, Then 等副词位于句首, 且当句子的主语是名词时, 句子用全部倒装句, 选 D。10 江西Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun答案A考点考查倒装。解析not until 放在句首要用部分倒装, 翻译为直到, 所以 begin 发生在 left 之后或同时发生10 重庆At t
14、he meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie 答案A考点考查倒装。解析表示方位的地点状语提前, 句子完全倒装, 所以选 A 项。10 湖北Only if people of all the countries are united _（我们才能解决）the existing prob
15、lems in the world. (solve)答案will we be able to solve/can we solve.考点倒装句解析only 位于句首修饰状语从句要倒装。根据 “主将从现”的原则可以确认主句的助动词是“will”, 或者使用情态动词“can” 09 安徽 a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains答案D考点考查 There be 句型。解析对于这个项目的实际价值人们依然还有怀疑。(09 福建For a moment nothing happened Then all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices
