《高考英语语法基础考前快速复习-动词的时态和语态》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语语法基础考前快速复习-动词的时态和语态（5页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2012 高考英语考前高考英语考前 10 天语法过一遍天语法过一遍 六、动词的六、动词的时态和语态时态和语态 1. 常用常考的动词时态和用法：（以 do 为例）名称构成用法一般现在时do/does,( 连系动词 is/am/are )1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、 科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。 2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现 在时表示将来。 Ill go there after I finish my work. If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.3.在以 here,there 开头的句子里，go,c
2、ome 等少数动 词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 There comes the bus.汽车来了。 Here she comes.她来了。一般过去时did,( 连系动词 was/were)表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或 过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。现在进行时is/am/are doing1.表示正在进行的动作。 2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。 She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。
3、My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。 3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。 The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.长江江水滚滚向东流。 The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。过去进行时was/were doing1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 （这一过去时间须用时间状语表示） He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行
4、They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生 I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作 He said she was arriving the next day.现在完成时has/have done1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说 话时已 完成的动作。 I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往 和“for.”, “since.”表述的一段时间状语
5、连用。 He has learned English for six years.They have worked here since they left college.3.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来） ”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来） ”用“have/has gone to”。 Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the reading-room. She knows a lot about Shanghai.She has been there. 4.短暂动词（即瞬间动词） ， join,lose,buy,borrow
6、,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out 等，在完成时态 中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不 能说：He has joined the army for three years. 要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。 ”可采用“ago 法” He joined the army three years ago.“延续法” He has been in the army for three years.“since 法” It is/has been three years since he j
7、oined the army.过去完成时had done1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。 He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到 另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。 At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用
8、hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose 等动词 的 过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match.将来完成时will/shall have done用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和 by 短 语，when,before 引起的时间状语连用。 We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.现在完成进行 时has/have been doing用来表示从过去某一时刻开
9、始一直持续到现在（还要 继续下 去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.过去完成进行 时had been doing表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一 个过去时刻才完成，还将继续下去。一般将来时will/shall do一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况is/am/are going to dois/am/are（about） to do（详见下面 2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较）过去将来时would/should do was/were going to dowas/were（about） to do
10、1.相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的 状态 He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北 京。 I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。 2. would do(表示过去的习惯)总是,总会,常常 He would sit silent for hours. 他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较将来时用 法例 句1be + doing 进行 时表将来go, come, start, move, leave, arrive 等词可用进行时表示按计
11、划即将发生的动作He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? 2be about to + 动 词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要 发生的动作，后面一般不跟时 间状语I was about to leave when the bell rang. The meeting is about to close.3be to + 动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意 见Were to meet at the school gate at noon.4一般现在时表将 来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定 好的事情，可用一般现在时表 示将来The m
12、eeting starts at five oclock. The plane leaves at ten this evening.3.容易混淆的时态比较项 目区 别例 句现在完成时强 调过去动作对 现在产生的影 响或造成的结 果We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened说明：说话者强调 Jane 目前的状况. Mr. Lee, who _ as a carpenter for o
13、ver 10 years, is now a very famous statesman in this country. A. has worked B. had workedC. workedD. works (只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在) 一般过去 时与现在 完成时的 比较 一般过去时只 表达过去的动 作或状态Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here? A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are you C. havent known; are D. didnt know; have yo
14、u been说明：didnt know 强调见面前不知道 I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)现在完成 时与现在 完成进行 时的比较着重表示动作 的结果时，用 现在完成时I have read that book.我读过那本书了。 （知道那本书的内容）着重表示动作 一直在进行， 即动作的延续 性时，则用现 在完成进行时Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been pa
15、inting D. have painted 说明：强调动作从过去到现在的延续 现在进行时表 示现在某个时 候或某段时间 正在进行的动 作I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary _. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come 说明：指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时。现在进行 时与过
16、去 进行时的 比较过去进行时表 示某个时候或 某段时间正在 进行的动作 Hey, look where you are going! Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.A. Im not noticing. B. I wasnt noticing. C. I havent noticed. D. I dont notice. 说明：对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.一般过去时只 表达过去的动 作或状态Tom_ into the house when no one _. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; not
