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1、电电子子电电路路专业专业名名词词中英文中英文对对照照电路的基本概念及定律电源source电压源voltage source电流源current source理想电压源ideal voltage source理想电流源ideal current source伏安特性volt-ampere characteristic电动势electromotive force电压voltage电流current电位potential电位差potential difference欧姆Ohm伏特Volt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule电路circuit电路元件circuit element电阻resist
2、ance电阻器resistor电感inductance电感器inductor电容capacitance电容器capacitor电路模型circuit model参考方向reference direction参考电位reference potential欧姆定律Ohms law基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoffs law基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoffs voltage law(KVL)基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoffs current law(KCL)结点node支路branch回路loop网孔mesh支路电流法branch current analysis网孔电流法mesh current
3、analysis结点电位法node voltage analysis电源变换source transformations叠加原理superposition theorem网络network无源二端网络passive two-terminal network有源二端网络active two-terminal network戴维宁定理Thevenins theorem诺顿定理Nortons theorem开路(断路)open circuit短路short circuit开路电压open-circuit voltage短路电流short-circuit current交流电路直流电路direct c
4、urrent circuit(dc)交流电路alternating current circuit(ac)正弦交流电路sinusoidal a-c circuit平均值average value有效值effective value均方根值root-mean-squire value(rms)瞬时值instantaneous value电抗reactance感抗inductive reactance容抗capacitive reactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance复数阻抗complex impedance相位phase初相位initial phase相位差phase
5、difference相位领先phase lead相位落后phase lag倒相，反相phase inversion频率frequency角频率angular frequency赫兹Hertz相量phasor相量图phasor diagram有功功率active power无功功率reactive power视在功率apparent power功率因数power factor功率因数补偿power-factor compensation串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonance frequency频率特性frequency ch
6、aracteristic幅频特性amplitude-frequency response characteristic相频特性phase-frequency response characteristic截止频率cutoff frequency品质因数quality factor通频带pass-band带宽bandwidth(BW)滤波器filter一阶滤波器first-order filter二阶滤波器second-order filter低通滤波器low-pass filter高通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop
7、filter转移函数transfer function波特图Bode diagram傅立叶级数Fourier series三相电路三相电路three-phase circuit三相电源three-phase source对称三相电源symmetrical three-phase source对称三相负载symmetrical three-phase load相电压phase voltage相电流phase current线电压line voltage线电流line current三相三线制three-phase three-wire system三相四线制three-phase four-wi
8、re system三相功率three-phase power星形连接star connection(Y-connection)三角形连接triangular connection(D-connection,delta connection)中线neutral line电路的暂态过程分析暂态transient state稳态steady state暂态过程，暂态响应transient response换路定理low of switch一阶电路first-order circuit三要素法three-factor method时间常数time constant积分电路integrating cir
9、cuit微分电路differentiating circuit磁路与变压器磁场magnetic field磁通flux磁路magnetic circuit磁感应强度flux density磁通势magnetomotive force磁阻reluctance电动机直流电动机dc motor交流电动机ac motor异步电动机asynchronous motor同步电动机synchronous motor三相异步电动机three-phase asynchronous motor单相异步电动机single-phase asynchronous motor旋转磁场rotating magnetic f
10、ield定子stator转子rotor转差率slip起动电流starting current起动转矩starting torque额定电压rated voltage额定电流rated current额定功率rated power机械特性mechanical characteristic继电器-接触器控制按钮button熔断器fuse开关switch行程开关travel switch继电器relay接触器contactor常开(动合)触点normally open contact常闭(动断)触点normally closed contact时间继电器time relay热继电器thermal o
11、verload relay中间继电器intermediate relay可编程控制器(PLC)可编程控制器programmable logic controller语句表statement list梯形图ladder diagram半导体器件本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor掺杂半导体doped semiconductor P型半导体P-type semiconductor N型半导体N-type semiconductor自由电子free electron空穴hole载流子carriers PN结PN junction扩散diffusion漂移drift二极管diode
12、硅二极管silicon diode锗二极管germanium diode阳极anode阴极cathode发光二极管light-emitting diode(LED)光电二极管photodiode稳压二极管Zener diode晶体管(三极管)transistor PNP型晶体管PNP transistor NPN型晶体管NPN transistor发射极emitter集电极collector基极base电流放大系数current amplification coefficient场效应管field-effect transistor(FET)P沟道p-channel N沟道n-channel结
13、型场效应管junction FET(JFET)金属氧化物半导体metal-oxide semiconductor(MOS)耗尽型MOS场效应管depletion mode MOSFET(D-MOSFET)增强型MOS场效应管enhancement mode MOSFET(E-MOSFET)源极source栅极grid漏极drain跨导transconductance夹断电压pinch-off voltage热敏电阻thermistor开路open短路shorted基本放大器放大器amplifier正向偏置forward bias反向偏置backward bias静态工作点quiescent p
14、oint(Q-point)等效电路equivalent circuit电压放大倍数voltage gain总的电压放大倍数overall voltage gain饱和saturation截止cut-off放大区amplifier region饱和区saturation region截止区cut-off region失真distortion饱和失真saturation distortion截止失真cut-off distortion零点漂移zero drift正反馈positive feedback负反馈negative feedback串联负反馈series negative feedback
15、并联负反馈parallel negative feedback共射极放大器common-emitter amplifier射极跟随器emitter-follower共源极放大器common-source amplifier共漏极放大器common-drain amplifier多级放大器multistage amplifier阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier直接耦合放大器direct-coupled amplifi er输入电阻input resistance输出电阻output resistance负载电阻load resista
16、nce动态电阻dynamic resistance负载电流load current旁路电容bypass capacitor耦合电容coupled capacitor直流通路direct current path交流通路alternating current path直流分量direct current component交流分量alternating current component变阻器(电位器)rheostat电阻(器)resistor电阻(值)resistance电容(器)capacitor电容(量)capacitance电感(器，线圈)inductor电感(量)，感应系数inductance正弦电压sinusoidal voltage集成运算放大器及应用差动放大器differential amplifier运算放大器operational amplifier(op-amp)失调电压offset voltage失调电流offset current共模信号common-mode signal差模信号different-mode signal共模抑制比common-
