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1、12008 Text 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the
2、 comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning wh
3、y commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The repo
4、rt, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowl
5、edge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Med
6、ical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new busin
7、ess models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking
8、the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, wher
9、e journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.226. In the first paragraph, the author discus
10、sesA the background information of journal editing.B the publication routine of laboratory reports.C the relations of authors with journal publishers.D the traditional process of journal publication.27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?A It criticizes government-funded research.B It
11、 introduces an effective means of publication.C It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in thatA it provides an easier access to scientific results.B it brings huge profits to scientific re
12、searchers.C it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.D it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required toA cover the cost of its publication.B subscribe to the journal publishing it.C allow other onlin
13、e journals to use it freely.D complete the peer-review before submission.30. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?A The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.B A new mode of publication is emerging.C Authors welcome the new channel for publication.D Publication is ren
14、dered easier by online service.3【参考答案解析参考答案解析】26. 参考答案参考答案【D】 【解析】本题考查的知识点是：第一段的主旨题。本题的题干是主旨题的一种常见形式，即 The paragraph (passage)states(illustrates,discusses,deals with, is concerned about, describes) 。因此接下来要判断哪个选项是第一段的主旨的概括，该段没有明显的主题句，各句子的重要性没有明显的差别，因此考生需要在理解句子所陈述的意思之后，概括出作者写这个段落的目的。综合各句子的含义可看出，第一段在让读
15、者了解学术期刊的出版过程及特点。第一、二段开始两个表时间的词语 used to be 和No longer 相呼应，表明这两段分别侧重介绍过去和现在的情况。27. 参考答案参考答案【C】 【解析】选项从“makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.”一句可以分析得出。OECD 的报告没有谈到对政府出资的科研项目的评论，总结全新的互联网平台所促进的新的出版模式，而不是引进介绍一种新的方法。报告本身也没有对科学研究带来好或者不好的影响。28. 参考答案参考答案【A】 【解析】第二段第二句提到，
16、网络使免费使用科研成果成为现实（The internet is making access to scienrific results a reality） 。表面上该句只是在谈网络的作用，但由于本文围绕“学术期刊出版”展开论述，因此这里讲的就是网络出版的意义。29. 参考答案参考答案【A】 【解析】根据题干中关键词 open-access publishing 定位到第四段。该段共介绍了四种网络出版模式， “开放存取出版模式”是第二种。文中提到它主要依靠作者或其雇主支付论文出版费用。A是文中（asking the author to）pay for the paper to be published 的改写，为正确项。30. 参考答案参考答案【B】 【解析】整篇文章都是在以客观的角度来介绍新的出版方式，没有表露作者的观点（排除 C） ，更没有从传统出版商的角度来表示互联网是一种威胁（排除 A） ，而对 D 选项，全文则没有深入展示。【全文
