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1、division of labor 劳动分工commodity money 商品货币legal tender 法定货币fiat money 法定通货a medium of exchange交换媒介legal sanction法律制裁face value 面值liquid assets流动资产illiquidl assets非流动资产the liquidity scale 流动性指标real estate 不动产checking accounts,demand deposit,checkable deposit 活期存款time deposit 定期存款negotiable order of w
2、ithdrawal accounts 大额可转让提款单money market mutual funds 货币市场互助基金repurchase agreements 回购协议certificate of deposits存单bond 债券stock 股票trxdyelers;checks 旅行支票small-denomination time deposits小额定期存款large-denomination time deposits大额定期存款bank overnight repurchase agreements 银行隔夜回购协议A 安全网safety net 按可比口径on compar
3、able basis 按轻重缓急to prioritize 暗补implicit subsidy 暗亏hidden loss B 颁发营业执照to license;to grant a licence to 办理存款业务to take deposits 保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmersincentive to produce 备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves 本外币并账consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外币对冲操作sterilization operation 本位利益loc
4、alized interest;departmentalism 奔小康to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do 避税（请见 “ 逃税 ” ） tax avoidance 币种搭配不当currency mismatch 币种构成currency composition 变相社会集资disguised irregular（or illegal ） fund raising 表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items（operation ）薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes 不变成本fixed cost
5、不变价at constant price;in real terms 不动产real estate 不良贷款（资产）problem loans ；non-performing loans（assets）C 财务公司finance companies 财政赤字fiscal deficit 财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies 采取循序渐进的方法in a phased and sequenced ma
6、nner 操作弹性operational flexibility 操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate 产品构成product composition;product mix 产品积压stock pile;excessive inventory 产销率current period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio 产销衔接marketability 产业政策industrial policy 长期国债treasury bonds 敞口头寸open position 炒股to speculate in the stock
7、 market 承购包销underwrite （securities ）成套机电产品complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s）城市信用社urban credit cooperatives（ UCCs）城市合作银行urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks 城市商业银行municipal commercial banks 城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅real growth in household income 持续升温persistent overheating 重复布点duplicate proj
8、ects 重置成本replacement cost 重组计划restructuring plan 筹资渠道funding sources;financing channels 初见成效initial success 出口统一管理、归口经营canalization of exports 出口退税export tax rebate 储蓄存款household deposits （不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits ，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。 ）储蓄分流diversion of household deposits 储源萎缩decline in the availability
9、of household savings 传导机制transmission mechanism 从价税ad valorem tax 从紧控制tight control 存贷款比例loan/deposit ratio存款保险体系deposit insurance system 存款货币银行deposit money banks 存款准备金required reserves D 打白条issue IOU 大额存单certificate of deposit（CD）大额提现withdraw deposits in large amounts 大面积滑坡wide-spread decline 大一统的
10、银行体制（all-in-one ）mono-bank system 呆账（请见 “ 坏账 ” ） bad loans 呆账准备金loan loss reserves （provisions ）呆滞贷款idle loans 贷款沉淀non-performing loans 贷款分类loan classification 贷款限额管理credit control;to impose credit ceiling贷款约束机制credit disciplinary（constraint ）mechanism 代理国库to act as fiscal agent 代理金融机构贷款make loans o
11、n behalf of other institutions 戴帽贷款ear-marked loans 倒逼机制reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition 道德风险moral hazard 地区差别regional disparity 第一产业the primary industry 第二产业the secondary industry 第三产业the service industry;the tertiary industry 递延资产deferrable assets 订货不足insufficien
12、t orders 定期存款time deposits 定向募集raising funds from targeted sources 东道国（请见 “ 母国 ” ） host country 独立核算independent accounting 短期国债treasury bills 对冲操作sterilization operation;hedging 对非金融部门债权claims on non-financial sector 多种所有制形式diversified ownership E 恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation 二级市场secondary market F 发行货币to i
13、ssue currency 发行总股本total stock issue 法定准备金required reserves;reserve requirement法人股institutional shares 法人股东institutional shareholders 法治rule of law 房地产投资real estate investment 放松银根to ease monetary policy 非现场稽核off-site surveillance（or monitoring）非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions 非赢利性机构non-profit
14、 organizations 分税制assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system 分业经营segregation of financial business（services ）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions 风险暴露（风险敞口）risk exposure 风险管理risk management 风险意识risk awareness 风险资本比例risk-weighted capital ratios 风险资本
15、标准risk-based capital standard 服务事业收入public service charges;users charges 扶贫poverty alleviation 负增长negative growth 复式预算制double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account G 改革试点reform experimentation 杠杆率leverage ratio 杠杆收购leveraged buyout 高息集资to raise funds by offering high interest个人股non-i
16、nstitutional shares 根本扭转fundamental turnaround（or reversal ）公开市场操作open market operations 公款私存deposit public funds in personal accounts 公用事业public utilities 公有经济the state-owned sector;the public sector 公有制public ownership 工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio 工业增加值industrial value added 供大于求supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施incentives 股份合作企业joint-equity cooperative enterprises 股份制企业joint-equity enterprises 股份制银行joint-equity banks 固定资产贷款fixed asset loans 关税减免tariff reduction and exemption 关税
