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1、NO.1 孔子（ Confucius）是春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒家学派（ Confucianism）的创始人，是古代中国人心目中的圣人。孔子的言论和生平活动记录在由他的弟子或再传弟子编成的论语（The Analects）一书中。论语是中国古代文化的经典著作。 在孔子之后几千年的中国历史上，没有哪一位思想家、文学家和政治家不受论语的影响。不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。As a great thinker,educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring
2、 and Autumn Period,Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people. His words and life storywere recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects. As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced allthinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years Chinese h
3、istory after Confucius. No scholar could trulyunderstand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinesewithout this book. NO.2 大约在两千多年前，中国就出现了蜡染（wax printing ） 。在中国服饰中，蜡染是一种流传时间长、流行范围大、 使用领域广的服装工艺。蜡染是在布匹着色的过程中，以蜂蜡（ beeswax）作为防止染色的材料。蜂蜡干了之后， 会产生一些裂纹，这些裂纹在染色过程中渗透进靛蓝色，于是形成了如冰花式样的美
4、妙纹理。这样自然天成的纹理可以说是蜡染的灵魂所在。Wax printingappeared in China about 2,000 years ago. Wax printing has long been awidespread technique used in the history of Chinese fashion. During the dyeingprocess, beeswax is applied to prevent some parts of the cloth form being dyed.When the beeswax dries, it develops c
5、racks, which absorb indigo in the processof dyeing, thus forming the beautiful natural lines resembling breaking ice.These naturally formed lines represent the beauty and soul of wax printing. NO.3 景泰蓝（ cloisonn）是驰名中外的传统工艺，它集青铜艺术、瓷器和雕刻诸种工艺制作技巧于一身，是一门地道的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人们居家使用的精美物品。这项工艺始创于明代景泰年间，初创时
6、的颜色主要是蓝色，故得名“景泰蓝”。到了成化年间，景泰蓝技术进一步成熟，这个时期的作品沉稳凝重又透明灵动，而且铜胎也极为讲究。Cloisonn is a traditional art widely known in and outsideChina. It is a kind of superb local expertise form of Beijing, which combinesthe skills of bronze art, porcelain, carving and other types of folk arts. Itis deemed valuable in the
7、eyes of collectors, as well as refined ornaments fordaily use. The making of cloisonn first appearedduring the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main colour used beingblue, hence the name “ Jingtai Blue” as it became known later on. By the time of the Chenghua reign, thetechniques for maki
8、ng cloisonn were further developed,with products of this period looking heavy and dignified yet not lacking ineloquence or vividness. Moreover, its cast was always made of choice copper. NO.4 西塘在浙江嘉兴，位于上海和杭州之间。这个占地规模并不大的古镇有着悠久的历史，它初建于春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period ） ，位于吴国和越国的交界处。西塘的大致规模在宋代之前就已经形成
9、，今所见西塘著名的桥梁望仙桥（Wangxian Bridge） 就是宋代的遗迹。在明清时期，西塘既是远近闻名的鱼米之乡，又是著名的丝绸制造之地，还以制陶业（ceramics）而享誉全国。Xitang is located inJiaxing, Zhejiang Province, between Shanghai and Hangzhou. Though small insize, this ancient town boasts a long history. It was first built during theSpring and Autumn Period, at the bord
10、er between the states of Wu and Yue. Thepresent layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famousWangxian Bridge in Xitang is a legacy of the Song Dynasty. By the Ming and QingDynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade center for farm products, silksand ceramics, all produc
11、ed in the surrounding areas and famous throughout thecountry. NO.5 秧歌舞（ Yangko dance）是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作迅速有力。在农历春节、 元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声， 不管外面天气有多冷， 他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。The Yangko dance isa traditional folk dance of the Han C
12、hinese, commonly performed in the northernprovinces. Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and theirmovements are vigorous and quick. During holidays, such as the lunar New Yearand the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongsthey swarm into the street
13、s to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter howcold it is outside. In recent years, elderly people in some cities in NortheastChina have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancersenjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round. NO.6 中国的青铜器时代 （Bronze Age） 从夏开始， 经历商、 西周到春秋
14、时期 （the Spring and Autumn Period） ，前后持续了一千五百多年的时间。大量出土的青铜器物表明，中国创造了灿烂的青铜文明。 这些青铜器物不仅有丰富的政治和宗教内涵，而且还具有很高的艺术价值。今藏于中国历史博物馆的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中国青铜器时代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）时期的作品，距今大约有三千多年。The Bronze Age inChina lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the Shang and WesternZhou Dyna
15、sties, to the Spring and Autumn Period. Large numbers of unearthedartifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country.They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artisticvalue. A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is nowpreserved in
16、 the Museum of Chinese History. It was cast about 3,000 years agoduring the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty. NO.7 1911 年，中国爆发了历史上的第一次资产阶级革命辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911 ） ，它推翻了中国封建社会的最后一个朝代清朝，废除了中国延续了2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中国的第一个民主共和国中华民国。民国政府成立以后，要求全国人民都剪掉头上的辫子（ queues） ，选择自己喜欢的发型。至此，在中国延续了280 多年的辫子法令终于被解除。In 1911, the firstbourgeois revolution in Chinese history the Revolution of 1911 broke out. The last dynasty of the Chinesefeudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thr
