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1、1目 录定语从句 1名词性从句 3状语从句 6非谓语动词 13情态动词 18虚拟语气 21动词的时态 24动词的语态 31主谓一致 342高中英语语法重点点拨高二英语组二九年五月二十一日3定语从句定语从句作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分
2、。3、关系词的用法：作主语that,who 指人作宾语that,who,whom,省略 作主语that,which指物作宾语that,which,省略指人/ 物作定语Whose（若指物，可同 of which 互换）关代as作主宾表地点whereat/in/+which时间whenat/in/on+which关系词关副原因why介词+ whichfor+which注：选择关系词关键看先行词和它在从句中作什么成分而定。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词 who 在从句中作主语）The comrade with whom I came
3、knows French.（whom 在从句中作介词 with 的宾语）They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮。 Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。Ill never forget the days (which/that/) I spent
4、 together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共渡的日子。Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Beijing is the place (which/that/)I visited last year. 北京是我去年参观过的地方。Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？Is this the reason（which/that/）you explained to me?这就是你给我解释的原因吗？（二）限
5、制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2.非限制性定语从句:从句与先行词关系不密切,去掉从句,意思仍完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能用 that 引导。Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1.t
6、hat 与与 which 的区别。的区别。1）用）用 that 而不用而不用 which 的情况：的情况：先行词为不定代词 anything, everything, nothing, any, little, one, few, much, all, none 等时先行词有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰；先行词有 the only, the very, the just 等词修饰；4先行词既有人又有物时。 当主句是以 who,which 开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是 who时。There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他
7、不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game?2）用）用 which 而不用而不用 that 的情况：的情况：
8、引导非限制性定语从句； 代表整个主句的意思； 介词 + 关系代词。He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。2.as 和和 which 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1）as 引导定语从句时的用法引导定语从句时的用法as 引导限制性定语从句通常用于 the same as, such as 结构中。This is the same bo
9、ok as I lost yesterday. 这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as we all know, as I expect，as is announced,as is said 等。As I expect, he got the first place again in this mid-te
10、rm examination.2）as 与与 which 引导定语从句时的相同点引导定语从句时的相同点都可引导定语从句；都可指整个主句；都可在从句中作主宾表3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与引导非限制性定语从句时与 which 的区别的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，即表正如，正像之意，用 as；反之，用 which 来引导非限制性定语从句。He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long speech, which was unexpected.as 引导非限制定语从句位于句首,句中或句末，并有逗号和主句隔开；而 which 引导非限制定
11、语从句只位于句末，并有逗号和主句隔开。 Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.3. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.【注】This is one of t
12、he rooms that are free now 这是目前空着的房间之一。He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。4. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语或状语隔开。定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语或状语隔开。There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，不要拆开。当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，不要拆开
13、。The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用介词在关系代词前，只能用 which 和和 whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有 which, that, whom, 口语中也可用口语中也可用 who，且可省略。，且可省略。The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.7.当先行词当先行词 way 意为方式，方法且在从句中作状语时，引导定语从句的关系词有意为方式，方法且
14、在从句中作状语时，引导定语从句的关系词有 that/in which 或省略。或省略。5I dont understand the way that/in which/- they worked out the problem.8.先行词是先行词是 time 时时,表次数用表次数用 that 引导引导,that 可省略可省略;表一段时间用表一段时间用 when 或或 at/during + which 引导定语从引导定语从句。句。This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country.There was a ti
15、me when/during which women had no right to vote.名名词词性性从从句句名词性从句名词性从句:即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词一、引导名词性从句的连接词 连接代词连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词连接副词：when, where, how, why whenever, wherever, however连接词连接词 whether, if“是否”不充当句子的任何成分。 that 只能起连接主句和从句的作用，不充当从句的任何成分，无词义二、名词从句的分类二、名词从句的分类1.主语从句主语从句 ：用作主语的从句叫主语从句：用作主语的从句叫主语从句That she likes such kind of films is very interesting. Whether he will come remains a question. What she is doing
