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1、外语下载中心 http:/ 同位语从句讲义及练习 一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般 用 that,whether，what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导， 常放在 fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion, 等抽象 名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的
2、名 词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：they had won the game 说明 The news 的全部内容，因此该 句为同位语从句。二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用 that 引导同位语从句。（即 that 不 充当任何成分，只起连接作用）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should
3、 cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once 是 the order 的全部 内容，且意义完整，因此应用 that 引导同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“ 是否“ 的含义，应用 whether 引导同位语从句。（if 不能引导同位语从句）例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析：the sports m
4、eeting will be held on time 意义不完整，应加“是 否“的含义才能表达 the problem 的全部内容，因此应用 whether 引导同 位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“ 什么时候“、“ 什么地点“、“什 么方式“ 等含义，应用 when,where,how 等词引导同位语从句。例 1：I have no idea when he will be back. 析：he will be back 意义不完整，应加“什么时候“的含义才能表达 idea 的全部内容，因此应用 when 引导同位语从句。外语下载中心 http:/ 例 2：I have no
5、impression how he went home,perhaps by bike. 析：he went home 意义不完整，应加“如何“ 的含义才能表达 impression 的全部内容，因此应用 how 引导同位语从句。 4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后肢。 如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从 句的界限 同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位 语从句不同于
6、定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部 内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语 从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名 词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。 区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词 be, 使之构成一个 新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语 从句。 如：The report that he was going to resign was false.他将辞职的传闻是假的。 因为 the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以， tha
7、t he was going to resign 是同位语从句。例 1：Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001 上海) A.while B.that C.when D.as 析：答案为 B 。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities 是 Information 的内容，且 Information 不在从句中作成分， 所以该句为同位语从
8、句。应将该句区别于：It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. A.what B.that C.when D.as 析：答案为 B 。that has been put forward 为 information 的修饰性 定语，且 information 在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。外语下载中心 http:/ 例 2：She heard a terrible noise,_
9、brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91) A.it B.which C.this D.that 析：答案为 B 。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为 非限制性定语从句，先行词为 a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。 应将该句区别于：I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A.it B.which C.this D.that 析：答案为 D。she is crying loudly 是 the terrible noise 的内容， 且 the terrib
10、le noise 不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。巩固性练习：1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the mee
11、ting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.
12、what D.that 8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which 外语下载中心 http:/ 10.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
