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1、第一节 What is Logistics Management ？ 1 The Definition of Logistics 物流的定义 After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfe
2、r process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place. 在完成商业交易之后,物流将以最低成本和最高效益的方式执行将商品从供应商(卖方) 流转 到顾客(买方) 的过程。这就是物流的定义。
3、在物流过程中,既需要诸如物流设施和设备(物流 运输工具等) 的硬件,也需要对物流实施信息化管理进行物流标准化。此外,政府和物流组织 的支持也不可或缺。 Three major functions of logistics 物流的三大主要功能 (1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logisti
4、cs. It creates the time value for goods. (1)创造时间价值: 同种商品因所处时间的不同而有着不同的价值。在商品流转过程中,往往 会处于某种停滞的状态,物流的专业术语就称之为储存。储存创造了商品的时间价值。 (2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics. (2)创造场
5、所价值: 同种商品因所处位置的不同而有着不同的价值。这种因商品流转过程中 而产生的附加增值称之为物流的场所价值。 (3) Distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distributi
6、on processing within logistics create added value for goods. (3) 同配送加工价值: 有时,物流活动也能创造配送加工价值,这种物流加工主要改变商品的长 度、厚度和包装形态。物流中经常提到的“分割成更小的部分”就是配送加工中最为常见 的形式。大多数物流加工都能创造商品的附加价值。 Logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these two
7、 stage include: 物流作为新兴的商务领域,经历了从传统物流向现代物流发展的两个阶段。这两个阶段的不 同主要体现在以下两个方面: (1) Modern logistics adopts containerization techniques. The goods transfer process starts with packaging, followed by transportation, storage and distribution. The whole process is operated under logistics standards. Based on th
8、e logistics base module of 600400mm, from the logistics module of 1,2001,000mm, and enlarge to the size of 2,5912,438mm-the size of highwide of the container. It can be adjusted to the standard sizes of containers for trains, trucks and ships. (1)现代物流采用了集装技术。商品物流往往从包装开始, 而后经历运输、储存和配送等过程。 整个过程始终在物流标准
9、化的前提下运行。以物流基础模数尺寸 600400MM 为基础,制定 出物流模数尺寸 12001000MM,并将其放大至 25912438MM,即形成集装箱的高度与宽 度标准尺寸。并能调整成适合铁运、汽运和船运的集装箱标准规格尺寸。 (2) Information technologies are most important for modern logistics. Bar Code, POS, EDI and GPS systems dramatically improve the efficiency and accuracy of the logistics activities. I
10、nternet further assists the market development, operation and management of the logistics industry. (2)信息技术在现代物流中尤其重要。条形码、销售时点系统、电子数据传输系统、全球卫 星定位系统的使用,极大地提高了物流活动的效率和精确程度。而互联网更加有助于物流管 理的市场开发、运营和管理。 2. Activities Included in Logistics Management 物流管理的内部活动 (1) Customer service. Customer service is defi
11、ned “a customer-oriented philosophy that integrates and manages all customer interface within the lowest possible costs to achieve optimum results.” Customer services bind all logistics activities. Whether a customer receives the right product under all the right conditions will affect all other ope
12、rations.客户服务。客户服务的定义是：以客户至上为宗旨，以最可能低的成本整合、管理所有 客户管理的交界面以取得最佳效果客户服务将所有的物流活动连接在一起客户是否能 在适当的情景收到合适的产品将影响到其他操作活动。 (2)Order processing. “Order processing can be compared to the human bodys central nerve system, triggering the distribution process and directing the actions to be taken in satisfying order
13、demand”. Order processing activity may be broken down into three categories. Firstly, operating elements, such as order entry/editing, scheduling, order-shipping set preparation, and invoicing. Secondly, communication elements, such as order modification, order status inquiries, tracing and expediti
14、ng, error correction, and product information requests; and lastly, credit and collection elements, including credit checking and accounts receivable processing/collecting. 订单处理。 订单处理可以比作人的躯体的中枢神经系统激发分销过程并指导各种活动得 以进行，以满意订货要求。订单处理活动可以被分解成三个种类。 第一，操作部分，诸如 订单录入与编辑，调度，订单航运单固定编制，并开具发票。第二，沟通部分，诸如订单 修订，订货状
15、况查询，跟踪，催促，错误修正以及产品信息要求等。最后，信贷与托收部 分，包括信贷核查和应收帐款处理和托收。 Custom services plays an important part in the speed and accuracy of the order processing. Advanced systems can reduce the time between order placement and shipment. Orders are often done through computer systems. Advanced systems, although initially expensive to the company, can substantially improve accuracy and efficiency. Often, saving in other logistics expenses(such as inventory, transportation and warehousing) or increased sales from improved customer service will justi
