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1、专题十一 动词的时态 动词主要用来表示动作，状态和性质，而 动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和表现方 式，这就是英语中的时态。 英语动词有五种基本形式：动词原形，第 三人称单数，现在分词，过去分词和过去 式。 动词的几种基本形式变化表 一 第三人称单数形式 1 在动词原形后加 s runs, likes 2 以 ch ,sh, s, x, o 结尾的动 词后加 es . teaches washes goes passes 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，先变 y 为 i 再加 es studies tries 二 现在分词 1 在动词原形后加 ing . reading doing 2 以不发音
2、的 e 结尾的词，去 e 再加 ing . live-living write-writing3 以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一 个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后再加 ing sit-sitting begin-beginning swim- -swimming put-putting 4 少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词要变 ie 为 y ，再加 ing die-dying lielying tie-tying 三 过去式与过去分词 1 动词原形加 ed. worked wanted 2 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先将 y 变 i 再加 ed. carry-carried study- stu
3、died 3 以 e 结尾的动词，直接加 d. live- lived 4 以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅 音字母的，双写该辅音字母再加 ed. stop-stopped plan-planned 常见的几种动词时态 一 一般现在时 1.一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主 语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加 s/es（即动词的单三形式）如：I like red. He likes red. 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状 态，与 often , always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day 等表示频度的副
4、词和 时间状语连用。如： I often go to school by bike. He reads English every morning. 2）表示职业，爱好等 He works in an office. I like dancing. 3)表示客观事实或普遍真理 The earth moves around the sun. 4）在时间，条件等状语从句中，用一般现 在时表示将来。如： If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park. When I grow up , I will go to America. 5)在某些以 here, t
5、here 开头的句子中用一 般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如： There goes the bell.（铃响了） 3 连用的时间状语 1） 表示频度的词：often, always, usually, sometimes 2） on Sundays, every day, in the morning, every year 3） once a week , twice a day , three times a year 二 一般过去时 1 构成：用动词过去式表示 2 用法： 1） 表示在过去某时间发生的动作或存在的 状态。如： I got up at six this morning .
6、His father went to Beijing yesterday. 2） 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如： When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river. 注意：和一般过去时连用的时间状语有 yesterday, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday, last week , last night, two years ago, in 1998, in the past, at that time , just now, 三 一般将来时1 表示将来发生的动作或存在的
7、状态，其 构成是 will +动词原形，常与表将来的 时间状语连用， 如： tomorrow, tomorrow morning, the day after tomorrow 后天, next week 下一周 , next year 明年 , in + 一段时间（如：in two days 两天后, in ten years 十年后） They will leave for Shanghai next week. 他们将在下周去上海。 Will you be back in two days? 你两天后会回来吗？ 注意： 当主语是 I 或 we 时，问句中一般 使用 shall ，表示征求
8、对方的意见。如： Where shall we meet tomorrow? 明天 我们在哪里见面？ 2.be going to +动词原形，表示计划，打算 做某事，表示已决定很可能发生的事。如： What are you going to do next Sunday? 下周日你打算干什么？ Im going to listen to music. 我打算听音乐。Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那些乌云，暴风雨就要来临了。 （客观迹 象） 3.be doing 表示将来 常用这种结构的动词有： go , come
9、 , leave, stay , start, begin, 等 We are leaving for London. 我们就要动身去伦敦了。 She is going there tomorrow. 她明天要去那里。 4.用一般现在时表示将来的情况： Were going to Changchun . Our plane takes off at 8:10. 我们打算去长春。我们的飞机 8：10 起飞。 If it doesnt rain this afternoon, well have a football match. 如果今天下午不下雨， 我们将进行一场足 球比赛。 四 现在进行时
10、1 构成：be (is / am / are)+ 动词 的现在分词 2 用法： 1） 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 What are you doing ? I am reading English. 2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 They are studying hard this term. 他们这学期学习一直很努力。 3)go, leave , arrive, start 等动词用现在进行 时表示将来 He is leaving tomorrow. 4)当时间状语为 now, these days, 等或当句子 中含有 look, listen, can you see,
11、 cant you see 之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时。Listen! Who is singing? Some boys are playing football on the playground now. 但应注意下列动词一般不用现在进行时态 表示感觉的动词，如：see, hear. feel 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词， 如：like, hate 表示希望的动词， 如：want, hope, wish 表示状态的动词，如：be表示归属的动词，如：have 表示思维，知识或理解能力的动词，如： know, think , forget, remember 习题： 1.-What does
12、Toms uncle do? -He is a teacher. He _physics at a school now. A. will teach B. has taught C. teaches D. taught 2.Mary isnt here at the moment. She _later. A. comes B. came C. has come D. is coming 3.M ay I speak to the headmaster? -He _a meeting now. Can I take a message? A. is having B. had C. has
13、D. will have 4.Mr. Green, a famous writer,_our school next week. A. visited B. visits C. was visiting D. will visit 5. Just a minute! My brother _his car in the garden. A. washes B. is washing C. washed D. will wash 6.When you _at a restaurant, please order just enough food. A. ate B. will eat C. ea
14、t D. have eaten 7.Henry will give us a report as soon as he _. A.arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive 8.Look! Peter _TV happily, but his parents are busy in the kitchen. A. is watching B. watches C. watched 9.My sister wants a new dress. She _it to the party. A. wear B. has wore C. wore
15、D. is going to wear 10.-Sam, come downstairs, please. I need your help. -Sorry,mum. I _on the phone. A. am talking B. talked C. was talking D. have talked11.Do you know if he _to play football with us ? -I think he will come if he _free tomorrow. A. comes, is B. comes, will be C. will come, is D. will come ,will be 12.Tony _football every weekend when he was youny. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played 13.-Where is Li Lei? -He _his sports shoes in the room. He _
