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1、 高中英语语法之省略 英语中省略现象较为普遍，对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。句子成分的省略，可分为 以下几种情况： 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省 去。 、状语从句中的省略用法 一、 如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有 be 动词的某种形 式（am/is/are/was/were） ，可同时省略从句的主语和 be 动词的某种形式。 1、 when，while 引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.When/While (I was) on my way
2、 to work, I met her. 2、 if，unless，once 引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.Ill not go to the party unless (I am) invited.Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、 though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who 等
3、引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的 be 动 词形式） 4、 as if，as though 引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he
4、 was) waking up after a long sleep.He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表 示一个将来的动作） 二、 than，as 引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be 动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).I have as much as confidence in you as
5、(I have confidence) in him. 三、 以 if 从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了 it is，that is，there is/are。 e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. 、定语从句中的省略用法 关系词的省略:关系代词
6、that，which，whom 等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且 不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which 或 that 在先行词 way 后作方式状语从 句时可省略。 e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.I dont like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. 、虚拟语气中 if 及 should 的省略 1、当条件状语从句中有 were，had，should 等时省略 if，把它们提至句首，形 成倒装句。 e.g. If I were a
7、teacher, I would be strict with my students.= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2、 Suggest，insist，order，require 等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句 中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。 e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. 、不定式符号 to的省略 1、感官动词 see，hear，feel，watch 等和使役动词 hav
8、e，make，let 等后接不 定式作宾语时，不定式省略 to。(一感 feel,二听 hear, listen to, 三让 have, let, make,四看 see, look at, observe, watch) 2、 do nothing but，cant help but 等结构常接省略 to 的不定式。 E.g. We didnt do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.Hearing the news, she couldnt help but cry.3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在 wan
9、t，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate 后往往只保留 to，而省略后 面的动词。但不定式后有 be，have 时，也保留 be 和 have。 E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want to. 、So 和 not 的替代性省略 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词 so/not 替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。 可与 believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I m afraid 等连用 e.g. Do y
10、ou suppose he is going to attend the meeting? I suppose not. 、日常交际中的省略 在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望 了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。 e.g. How many copies do you want? - (I want) Three copies, please.- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? - No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).省略句练习 1
11、. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷 II) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷 IV) A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to
12、be questioned 3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003 上海卷) A. when taking B.
13、 when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海 春) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 6. When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春) A. completed B. completing C. being
14、completed D. to be completed 7. Though _ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002 上海卷) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 8. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 9.
15、You re always working. Come on, lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002 北京、安徽、内蒙古春) A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That 10. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002 上海春) A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained
16、D. why he explained 11. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷) A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 12. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004 天津卷) A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 13. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ hes done for you
