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1、1 虚拟语气 英语动词有三种语气： 陈述语气：陈述事实或提出疑问，用于陈述句，疑问句和感叹句； 祈使语气：表示请求、命令，指示或劝告等； 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（在条件从句中或让步状语从句中） ；一种表示说话人愿望、要求、命令、建议等（在宾语从句、表语从句、 同 位语从句） 。 一、条件状语从句 (1) 一般虚拟语气 条件状语从句 主句 与现在事实相反 did would/might/should +do 与过去事实相反 had done would/might/could +have done 与将来事实相反 did/should/were to +do
2、could/would/might/should +do (2) 混合虚拟语气有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致，这叫错综虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气，它要求从句 的时态根据实际的时间概念来确定。如：If I had finished my homework last night, I would be allowed to watch TV now. （从句是过去情况，而主句说明现在情况。 ）If you told me the truth now, I would not send for your parents tomorrow. （从句说明现在情况，主句说明将来情况。 ） (3) 含蓄虚拟语气
3、 有时假设的条件不通过 if 条件句表达出来，而隐含在某些介词短语中，如 with, without, but for 等，或者通过副词 or, otherwise 等上下文表示。 如：Without your encouragement, I wouldnt have succeeded. =If you hadnt encouraged me, I wouldnt have succeeded. 二、宾语从句 【特别注意】一定要是从句才用虚拟语气，否则根据固定搭配用陈述语气。 I would rather had you hadnt told me. （宾语从句，用虚拟） I would
4、rather have some water. （不是从句，用 would rather do 固定搭配） 1、表示“希望、宁愿”wish, would rather注意：wish 与 hope 接宾语从句的区别在于：hope 表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句 用陈述语气。wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较： （1） We hope they will come.( 我们不知道他们是否回来，然后希望他们来) （2） We wish they could come.(我们知道他们不会来，但是内心还是希望能来) 2、表示“建议、命令、要求”结构： + that +
5、(should) + do （that 不能省，should 可以省）2常见的单词有：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, decide, ask, move, propose 等注意两个特殊单词：suggest & insist suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟语气；表示“暗示，表明”时，陈述语气。 insist 表示“ 坚持（做）” 时，用虚拟语气；表示“坚持（认为）”时，陈述语气。 The boy insisted that he is right.（表示“坚持认为”，没
6、有虚拟） The smile on his face suggests that he is quite satisfied. （“表明”，不用虚拟） He suggests/ insists that we (should) go with him.（都翻译成“建议做”，虚拟语气） 三、表语从句和同位语从句 其实跟上面的用法是一样一样的，只是成分不同罢了。在英语中，凡是翻译成”建议、 命令、要求”的意思，在从句中要用(should) + do 的虚拟语气。 所以，常见的单词就是上面单词的名词形式：suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice /
7、idea / request /demand 等。 比较下面几个句子，体会不同成分的区别： 1. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.(suggestion 和 we have a meeting 讲的是一个事情，是同位语从句） 2. My suggestion is that we (should) have a meeting. (is 后面是表语成分，表语从句) 3. I suggest that we (should) have a meeting. ( 这是个宾语从句） 四
8、、主语从句中虚拟语气的使用。做主语的时候，主要是 It 的形式主语，用于以下几个句型中 1、It is /was + 形容词 + that . (should) do/ have done 引导的从句（注意：有现在和过去两 种）常见单词：important, natural, necessary, essential, strange 等。 2. It is suggested/ desired / ordered / requested / proposed / demanded that . (should) do.有木有很眼熟的赶脚？没错！又是“建议”一类的单词，只是把宾语从句中的主语换
9、成 了 It，变成了主语从句。比如：I suggest that we (should) have a meeting. ( 这是个宾语从句）It is suggested that we (should) have a meeting.( 这是个主语从句，真正的主语是划线部分）其实，我还有个秘密没有告诉你。上面的第一点，中间加形容词的那个，其实也可以理 解成“建议”一类的意思。褒义词，一般理解为 suggest，贬义词，一般理解为 dont suggest。It is important that we (should) have a meeting. （既然重要，可以理解为“建议开会”)I
10、t is unnecessary that we (should) have a meeting.（既然没必要，可以理解为“不建议”） 五、其他固定用法3 没办法，这个得死记，记死了！ even if/ though, as if/though, if only 短语 He acts as if nothing had happened. Its (high) time that+did/ should do（注意：should 不省）Its high time (that) we took/ should take some action. 表奇怪或惊讶。常使用 should 虚拟，可省略，
11、意思为“竟然” It is a pity that you (should) leave so soon. 表示祝愿。常用动词原形或者是“May+ 主语+动词原形”的结构。Long live the Peoples Republic of China!May you succeed! 6、虚拟语气的倒装 规则：把句中的 had/ should/ were 提前，把句首的 if 去掉。 注意：had 是时态，不是实意动词。 If you had helped me, I would have passed the examination. = had you helped me, I would
12、 have passed the examination. If I had money, I would buy a car. （词句不能倒装，had 是实意动词） （一）时态真题演练 【2013 真题演练】 ( ) 1. I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry. But I _ my homework. A. had done B. was doing C. would do D. am doing ( ) 2. If nothing _, the oceans wi
13、ll turn into fish deserts. A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done ( ) 3. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days. A. would be B. is C. has been D. will be ( ) 4. Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream
14、. It somewhat _ us. A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered ( ) 5. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _ president,” said the boy, with a smile. A. have been B. am C. was D. will be 【2012 真题演练】 ( ) 1. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _later in life. A. will
15、be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid ( ) 2. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing ( ) 3. “The moment _soon,“ he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A. came B. has tome C. was coming D. is coming4 ( ) 4. -I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?- Sorry, I the piano for years. A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played 【2012 真题演练】 ( ) 1. - Joan, what _ in your hand? - look! Its a birthday gift for ma grandpa? A. had yo
