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1、并列复合句与主从复合句 一、 并列复合句“二步”学习法 并列复合句（简称并列句）与主从复合句（简称复合句）的区别是：并列句用 并列连词连接两个或两个以上的句子，并表示句子与句子之间的并列关系。复 合句是一个完整的句子，用连接词连接的从句充当句子的某一个成分，是主从 关系。 试比较：Come here early , and you will see our manager . （两个句子之间是并列关系， 没有从属关系，所以是并列复合句）If you come here early , you will see our manager . （句中 If引导的条件状语 从句和后面的主句有主从关系，
2、从句从属于主句，所以是主从复合句） 二、 掌握并列复合句的连词 并列句的连词由单个连词和连词词组两部分组成。 1、 由 and ,but ,or/or else , so , for 等并列连词把连个简单句连接起来而成为 并列复合句。 2、 由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句。常用的并列连词词组有 not only but also . , eitheror , neither nor , notbut , bothand , as well as等等三、 主从复合句“二步”学习法 主从复合句中的从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语 从句和状语从句等 6种。前四种均相当于一个名
3、词的作用-名词性从句。 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句 第一步、掌握复合句的结构 以下采用线条和图示的方法介绍复合句的结构： 说明： 主句：_ 从句： 连接词： 1.主语从句的两种结构： 连接词谓_ Who are the winners hasnt been announced . It 谓_ 连接词 It hasnt been announced who are the winners . 主语从句是整个句子作主语，他可以放在主句的谓语动词之前（结构） ，但 多数情况是 it 做形式主语（结构） ，而把主语从句放在主句之后。如果主语 从句太长，显得笨重，这是我们就采用结构 这种 it 作形
4、式主语的主从复合句有以下几种结构： It is n. that It is adj. that It is 过去分词 从句 It vt. 宾语 从句 It worried /shocked/surprised/delightedthat或It makes no difference that /whether It worried me a bit that her hair was turning grey . It shocked me that Peter didnt tell anybody where he was . It makes no difference to me whe
5、ther he goes there or not . It v. 从句 It made adj. that It happens/happened that It seems/seemed that It appears/appeared that It seemed to him (that) he would never work out the question . It (so) happened that the famous actor was her mother .(The famous actor happened to be her brother .) 2.表语从句的结
6、构_系 连接词 The question is whether they have enough time . 表语从句：位于系动词之后，整个句子作表语的句子。表语从句对主语进行解 释、说明，是主语的内容具体化。表语的从句的结构比较简单，显著特点是从 句位于系动词之后。 China is no longer what is used to be . He looked just as he had looked ten years before .It sounds as if someone is knocked on the door . Thats because he didnt un
7、derstand me . Thats why he got angry with me . 3.宾语从句的两种种结构： _动、行、介 连接词 _动 it （adj./n.） 连接词 Do you know where the boy lives . Im interested in what you said at the meeting . We are glad (that) youve come to join us . The boy has made it clear that he wont give up . We feel it a pity that you wont jo
8、in us in the game . 宾语从句：就是整个从句作及物动词、介词和少数形容词的宾语。当宾语从 句之后带有形容词、名词等，一般用 it 作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放到句末， 此时引导宾语从句的 that 不能省略。 注:从结构上讲，宾语从句特别要注意的是语序和时态。宾语从句要用陈述句 的语序。是太主要取决于主句的时态。主句是现在时，从句可以是任何时态。 但主句是过去时，从句除了表示客观真理可用现在时外，一律用过去时态。 Could you tell me what time it is now ? Nobody knows where she lives . Do you know
9、when they will come back to school ? Mother said that she would buy me a bag . When do you think Mr. Zhang will come back to our company . 4.定语从句的三种结构_先行词 连接词 This is the pen that I bought last week . _先行词 ， 连接词 He gave her mother a watch for her birthday , which pleased her a lot . 定语从句：整个句子在复合句中作定
10、语，修饰先行词（名词、代词或句子） 。 结构上分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 学生常会出现的错误： Do you know the girl is standing under the tree ? The boy , often come here to see me , is my brother . The stamp that you give it to me ia valuable . 5.同位语从句的结构 从结构上讲，同位语从句和定语从句完全一样. 区别： 同位语从句解释说明先行词（一般是一些比较抽象的名词）的内容，引 导词是 that，不能用 which（引导词后还有其
11、他词） ，that 不充当任何成分：而 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，一般情况下 that 和 which 都行，而且在句中 充当成分。 This is the news which/that our neighbor told us . This is the news that our team won the game . His suggestion that well go for a visit on Saturday is very much . His suggestion that/which he put forward at the meeting is very muc
12、h .6.状语从句的两种结构 连接词 ，_ Because he was very busy , he didnt come here . _ 连接词 He didnt come here because he was very busy . 状语从句：整个句子在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副 词等。因此我们可以把状语从句称作副词性从句。状语从句分为时间、地点、 原因条件目的结果让步方式和比较状语从句 从结构上讲，表示地点、目的、结果、方式、比较的状语从句只能谓语句末。 但有些（并非全部）表示时间、条件、让步、原因的状语从句既可以谓语句首， 也可以位于句末。位于句首时，一般用
13、逗号与主句隔开。 I was watching TV when my mother came in . = when my mother came in ,I was watching TV . If you put your heart into study ,you will make good progress . =you will make good progress if you put heart into study . Although /Though he is very young ,he knows a lot . =he knows a lot although/th
14、ough he is very young . Young as he is ,he knows a lot . The man was very happy because he had found his lost car . =Because he had found his lost car , the man was happy .状语从句常见错误： 误:Although/though he is over seventy , but he is strong . Although/though he is over seventy , yet he is strong .he is
15、 strong .he is still strong 。 Although/though均为连词，不能再重复用力按此but ，但可以用副词 yet，still 。类似情况还有because和so不能连用。误：I was walking in the street , suddenly I saw my friend Tom . 正：I was walking in the street ，when suddenly I saw my friend Tom 正：When I was walking in the street , suddenly I saw my friend Tom . 误：Well go boating if it will be fine tomorrow . 正：Well go shopping if it is fine tomorrow . 正：if it is fine tomorrow Well go shoppin
