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1、2014高考英语语法单选归纳 一、冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an） ，定冠词（the） ，和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法 1 指一类人或事，相当于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 3 表示“每一”相当于 every，one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示“相同”相当于 the same We are nearly of an age. 5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或 事 H
2、ello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） 6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7 用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后 This room is rather a big
3、 one. 8 用于 so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success(抽象名词)a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 II. 定冠词的用法 1 表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ pop
4、ular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? 4 用于演奏乐器 play the violin, play the guitar 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded 6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” （对比上文的
5、不定冠词用法 5） Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children. 8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9 用于
6、表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China. 10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代) 11 用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour. 12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词 He patted me on the shoulder. III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法 1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词 前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2 名词前有 this, my, whose, s
7、ome, no, each, every 等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America. 5 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前 He likes playing football/chess. 6 与 by连用表示交通方式的名词前 We went right round to the west coast b
8、y _ sea instead of driving across _ continent. A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 7 以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals. 二、名词和主谓一致 I. 名词的种类 专有名词 普通名词 可数名词 不可数名词 国名地名人名，团体机构名称 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 特别注意名词类别的相互转换 个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
9、 例 句 意 义 名词性质 花儿 个体名词 She held some flowers in her hand. The trees are now in flower 开花 抽象名词 青春 抽象名词 Youth is beautiful. He is a youth of twenty 年轻人 个体名词 成功 抽象名词 They have achieved remarkable success in their work. How about the Christmas evening party? I should say it was a success. 成功的事 个体名词物质名词与个
10、体名词的相互转换 例 句 意 义 名词性质 铁 物质名词 Iron is a kind of metal. Please lend me your iron. 熨斗 个体名词 玻璃 物质名词 He broke a piece of glass. He broke a glass. 玻璃杯 个体名词 小鸡 个体名词 I bought a chicken this morning Please help yourself to some chicken 鸡肉 物质名词 抽象名词与个体名词的转换 具有动作意义的抽象名词加用 与某些动词（如：have 等）连 用，表示某一次短暂的动作 Id like_
11、information about the management of your hotel,please. Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpful A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词） A.a B.an C./ D.the Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词） A.a B.an C./
12、D.the 类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look take a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发) /make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try 表示知识和时间的抽象名词转 换为普通名词时可以用来表示 其中的一部分 Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a mu
13、st in_international trade today. A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, the a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况) give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识) have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识) If there were no examination, we should have_at school. A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest
14、time D.a much happier time is money.A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times 抽象名词转换为普通名词可用 来表示“一次、一阵、一种” 具体的行为、事件、现象或结 果。这时名词前往往有形容词 修饰 Oh, John. _you gave me! A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise She looked up when I shouted. A.in a surpri
15、se B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise 其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise It is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusual II. 名词的数 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es（参看有关语法书） 。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表 规 则 例 词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2
