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1、非谓语动词经典用法讲解与练习 命题规律 1、考查立意较低。主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。 2、题目设置情景化和结构复杂化。试题加大了考生对题干的理解难度。 3、设问角度多样化。不仅仅是非谓语之间的互相干扰。 命题趋势 不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“ 情景化”和“设问角度多样化”的趋势，但试题难度将会有所控制。 解题思路 解析句子结构，确定设空在句中的句法功能（主、宾、宾补、表、定、状？）； 找准相关动词逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动？）； 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的形式（过去、现在、将来？）； 将选项置入空中
2、，看是否能够字从意顺，否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。分词、不定式作宾补用法要点 一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 1感官动词 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词 have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带 to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如： 1) I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 2) I heard her singing an Engli
3、sh song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。 3) I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。 【注意】不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如： I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成) 2leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的 leave 保留了原
4、来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使处于某种状态）。 leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补是主谓关系，表动作正在进行。） leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以 undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多） leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。） Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直开着是
5、不对的。（主动，正在进行） The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious. 客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成） He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来） We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）
6、 3have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中 have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done“使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。 Ill have /get my bike repaired tomorrow. 此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受”之意。如 1) Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 2) Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have s
7、b. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表主动，正在进行） get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来 如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。 注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中 h
8、ave 有“容忍”之意。如：1) I wont have you speaking to your parents like that. 我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。2) Dont have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。 have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事 1) Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 2) I cant get him to stop smoking. He wont listen to me. 二
9、、下列动词后跟带 to 的不定式作宾补： 【口诀】讨厌命令作宾补 说服警告想希望，导致逼迫禁期望。建议允许求鼓励，要教邀请更喜欢。 1) hate, order 2) persuade, warn, tell, order, want, wish, 3) cause, force, forbid, expect, 4) advise, allow, permit, ask, beg, encourage, 5) get, require, teach, invite, prefer, like, love, An army spokesman stressed that all the sol
10、diers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots. The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门 1、下列动词后在主动语态中用不带 to 不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加 to： 它们是 “吾看三室
11、两厅一感觉”5 看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3 使（make, let, have）；2 听（listen to, hear）；1 感觉（feel）。 2、以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除 let, make 外，都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外 find, catch, keep, have 也可用现在分词作宾语补足语。如： 1) At that time, I found him crying in the street. 2) He was caught stealing. Im sorry
12、to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 3) The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 不定式、分词作定语用法要点 一、不定式作定语 1作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如： 1) The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 2) There is nothing to worry about. 3) Please give me a kni
13、fe to cut with. 4) Here is some paper for you to write on. 但是，如果不定式修饰的名词是 time, place, way 时，不定式后的介词通常省去。如： 1) He had no money and no place to live (in). 2) We found a way to solve this problem (in). 2当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较： Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄
14、吗？ （不定式 to send 执行者是“你”） Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式 to be sent 执行者是“我”或“别人”） 3用不定式作定语的几种情况： 1）不定式表将来： I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如： 1) He was the best man to do the job. 2) She was the first woman to win the gold m
15、edal in the Olympic Games. 3) Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. 3）用来修饰抽象名词 ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如： 1) Do you have the ability to read and write English ? 2) I have a chance to go sight-seeing. 二、分词作定语 1作定语的及物动词分词形式为：v.-ing; being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用 v.-ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用 being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如： 1) The houses being built are for the teachers. 2) The broken glass is To
