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1、 复合句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses） 。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。可以引导主语从句的关联词：that, whether,what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why.how.whatever,whoever 等。That he will su
2、cceed is certain 他会成功是肯定的Whether she will go there is not known 还不知道他是否去哪里What she said is not ture 她说的话不是真的 who broke the window has not been found out. 谁打破了窗子还没有查出来1. It 作形式主语（1）It 作形式主语代替主语从句，把真正的主语从句移到句末。It is not know who he is It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。It does
3、nt interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。（2）用 it 作形式主语的结构1) It is 名词 从句It is a fact that 事实是It is an honor that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识2) It is 形容词 从句It is natural that 很自然It is strange that 奇怪的是3) It is 不及物动词 从句It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧It appears that 似乎 4) It 过去
4、分词 从句It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说2. 主语从句不可位于句首的情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首,但 whether 可以。It is not yet decided if/whether he will write the book（2）It is said /reported 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：Tha
5、t President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It doesn t matter whether he is wro
6、ng or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. 3.如果句中做主语的是一个从句，则谓语动词要用单数。How close parent are to their children has a strong influence on the charactor of the children.How and why he did the experiment is unknown to all.4.what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语。that 引导的主语
7、从句在句中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只是单纯的连词，一般不可省略。What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a consolation练习：After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _our astronauts desire to do is walk in spaceA. where B. what C.that D. howThe Foreign Minister said,” _our hope that the two sides will wo
8、rk towards peace.A. this is B.there is C. that is D. it is 二. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，在句子中做系动词的表语。一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句” 。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。引导表语从句的关联词有：that, whether, as if, as though,what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why.how 等1) The question is whether we can make good pre
9、paration in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.另外：It appears that(似乎) It seems that(好像) It turns out that (结果) It happened that (恰好) 这些结构后面的句子通常可看做表语从句。It happened that he had no money on him It appears
10、that they are in need of help.练习：You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree.A. why B.where C.what D.how三宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之后。除谓语动词，介词，不定式，分词，动名词以及某些形容词后面也可以带宾语从句。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由 that 引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。(2) 由 w
11、hat, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2. 作介词的宾语，例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one ano
12、ther.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。注：that 引导的宾语从句通常不能充当介词的宾语，但在介词 except, but, in 后可以跟that 引导的宾语从句。I know little about him except that he is an American He would have failed but that you help him (but that 若不是)Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak ( in that 因为)3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：I am afraid (that) Iv
13、e made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。4. it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的
14、句子中。 例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用 that 引导的宾语从句。如：正确表达：I admire their winning the match. 错误表达：I admire that
15、 they won the match.6. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。练习：Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future.A. that B.how C.such D.soA modern city has been set up in_was a waste land ten years ago.A.what B. which C.that D.
