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1、 金融英语基础辅导-Exports 出口Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land, such as cotton, timber or rubber. Some raw materials, such as iron ore, come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries wh
2、ere they are made into manufactured goods.出口货物既有原材料,也有制成品.原材料是从土里长出来的产品,如棉花、木材或橡胶；有些原材料，如铁矿等，是从矿山里开采出来的。这些原材料往往从原产地国家出口到生产制成品的国家。Some countries produce food for export, for example, meat, sugar, or cereals such as wheat and maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country n
3、eeds fertile land and a good climate. A cold, dry climate is not suitable for agriculture.有些国家生产食物出口，例如肉类、糖等，或者是小麦、玉米等谷物。这些国家属于农业国，农业国需要肥沃的土地和宜人的气候。寒冷干燥的气候对农作物的生长不适宜。A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always produce eno
4、ugh food for its own needs. In this case, it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods.生产制成品的国家被称为工业化国家，一个工业化国家生产的食物往往不能满足本国的需要。在这种情况下，它就不会出口食物，而是进口食物。这样的国家依赖制成品的出口，并用出
5、口挣得的钱支付进口费用。金融英语基础辅导-FunnyMoney 假钞The U.S. Secret Service estimates that some $1 billion of counterfeit U.S. dollars are printed every year. Ninety percent of that amount is confiscated by authorities before distribu- tion, but that still leaves $ 100 million floating around the world at any one tim
6、e. People worry about getting stuck with funny money, and some buy devices that can help them determine whether a bill is counterfeit. The most common type of detector uses ultraviolet light to spot a bill that has been bleached and then reprinted -a recent counterfeiting technique.美国联邦经济情报局估计，每年有十亿
7、美元的假钞印刷出来。其中有百分之九十的假钞在进入流通之前就被有关当局没收，但还是有一亿美元会偶尔流到世面上。人们为收到假钞而发愁，有些人购买了能够帮他们鉴别假钞的仪器。最常用的探测器用紫外线识别经漂白后又重印的纸币-一种最近发明的防伪技术。Now comes a new device for discovering bogus bucks that is more convenient than competing products , and as effective. It is called the Vistatector. Every major currency in the wor
8、ld, except French francs and West German marks printed before 1973, has magnetic particles embedded on the face of the bill. The particles (which enable counting machines to process stacks of money) are present in the printing ink and lie on certain predetermined spots on individual bills. The Vista
9、tector is a penlike device that uses electronic circuit to detect whether the magnetic particles are present on a bill - and if so, if they are located where they should be.现在出现了一种新的探测假币的装置，这种装置比与之竞争的其他产品更为方便，且同样有效。它就是展测仪。世界上的各种主要货币，除了法郎和 1973年之前印刷的西德马克外，在纸币的表面嵌有磁粉。这些粒子（粉末） （能使计数机对大量的钱进行分理）存在于油墨中，并在
10、各张纸币的预定点显现。展测仪是一种钢笔形状的仪器，用电子线路查出纸币上是否存在磁粉- 如果纸币上是有磁粉的，那么还要看它们是否在准确的部位。Users rub the bottom of the pen back and forth across two different spots on a bill, and indicator lights signify whether magnetic particles are embedded in those areas. If the bill is genuine, the product will show the presence o
11、f particles in one spot and the absence of them in the other. Unlike ultraviolet detectors that require the user to make subjective color comparisons to determine the authenticity of a bill, the Vistatector requires no human decision making.使用者用笔的底部在纸币上的不同点来回擦拭，指示器的光线显示所经部位是否嵌有磁粉。如果纸币是真的，该产品就会显示有的部位
12、有磁粉，有的部位无磁粉。和紫外线探测仪不同的是，紫外线探测仪需要使用者要与主观的颜色进行对比以确定纸币的真伪，而展测仪则无需凭藉人的判断能力。金融英语基础辅导-CentralBank 中央银行Easy Monetary PolicyA policy issued by a Central Bank to assist economic growth usually achieved by reducing short-term interest rates.宽松货币政策为帮助经济增长，由中央银行发布的政策，通常通过降低短期利率来实现。Tight Monetary Policy A policy
13、 issued by a Central Bank to fight against inflation usually achieved by increasing short-term interest rates.紧缩货币政策为抵抗通货膨胀，由中央银行发布的政策，通常通过增加短期利率来实现。Inflation The consistent increase in the prices of goods and services in the economy, resulting in a reduction in the purchasing power of money.通货膨胀金融方
14、面产品和服务价格稳定增长，由此引起的货币购买力的降低。Consumer ConfidenceOptimism over the state of the economy shown by assessing consumer saving and spending activity.消费者信心通过评估消费者存款和消费的活跃性所显示的对财政状况的乐观态度。Financial StabilityA state that exists where the financial system is able to withstand shocks without impairing savings an
15、d the processing of payments.金融稳定金融系统在没有削弱储蓄和处理付款的情况下能抵抗冲击所具有的状态金融英语基础辅导-Clearinghouse 票据交换所CommitmentAn agreement by an individual or organization to complete a task within a certain timeframe. 买卖契约个人或机构在某一时限内完成一项任务的协议。RegistrationA process by which an owner of stock or security has the ownership o
16、fficially recorded in a book or on a computer system.登记股票或有价证券持有者将其持有的对股票或有价证券的所有权正式记录在册或记录在电脑系统中的做法。Real Time Gross SettlementRTGS, a process in which both the processing and settlement of a financial transaction can take place continuously, without using specific times.实时总结算RTGS，没有特定时限的，连续处理和结算金融交易的过程。Settlement RiskThe risk where a supplier of goods or services has delivered and the buyer is unable or unwilling to pay for them.结算风险商品或服
