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1、现在完成时一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years（在过去的这几天/年里），since then, up to now, so far（至今）等。In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already, just（刚刚），yet（已经），never, before 等。Already 用在肯定句中，yet
2、用在否定句和疑问句中； already用在句中，yet 用在句末。I have already seen the film. (=I know the film now.)I havent seen the film yet.Have they arrived yet？This/It/That is the +序数词/only/best/most +time +(that)+ sb. have/has done, “这是某人第几次做某事”。This is the first time that I have come here.现在完成时用在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来完成时。I wi
3、ll not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.It is/has been +一段时间+since 从句，since 从句用一般过去时，“自从 以来已经有多久了”。It is/has been 10 years since we met last.瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词一般不用完成时态，也不可以接表示一段时间的状语，若要接，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词的否定可用完成时，也可接表示一段时间的状语。 He has come to Beijing since last year. He has lived
4、 in Beijing since last year. He has joined the army for 3 years. He has served in the army for 3 years. He joined the army 3 years ago. He has been a soldier for 3 years. It is 3 years since he joined the army. 常见的瞬间动词有：come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join/ta
5、ke part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose, jump 等。现在完成进行时现在完成进行时主要用于：表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在，以至延伸到将来，它强调动作延续时间之长久。e.g. Ive been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。 （还在写） cf. Ive written an article. 我写了一篇文章。 （已写完） It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。 在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。
